ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 530 -
EXAM 3 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium,
and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - ANSWER-B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which
condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - ANSWER-A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ANSWER-B) Symptoms include
painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the
urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is
likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ANSWER-B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - ANSWER-C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
, D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of
the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - ANSWER-Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding
chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - ANSWER-Potter syndrome
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - ANSWER-Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of
prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - ANSWER-Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary
amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - ANSWER-Unknown pregnancy
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement
regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ANSWER-The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal
pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
EXAM 3 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium,
and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - ANSWER-B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which
condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - ANSWER-A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ANSWER-B) Symptoms include
painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the
urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is
likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ANSWER-B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - ANSWER-C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and
vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
, D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of
the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - ANSWER-Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding
chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis - ANSWER-Potter syndrome
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea - ANSWER-Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of
prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea - ANSWER-Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary
amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy - ANSWER-Unknown pregnancy
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement
regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ANSWER-The exact mechanism of immune
complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal
pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
