,TESTBANK FOR An Innovative Approach to Career
Counseling Smith
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER
COUNSELING
Theory and Practical Application
Angie C. Smith, PhD, LCMHC-S, ACS, NCC and
Katie Peterssen, M.Ed, NCC, LCMHC-A
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company
,Copyright © 2024 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company,
LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax
978-646-8600, or at www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036
www.springerpub.com
connect.springerpub.com/
ISBN: 978-0-8261-5075-2
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources
believed to be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the
standards generally accepted at the time of publication. The author and publisher shall
not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or
in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book.
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external
or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that
any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
,Contents
Chapter 1: Career: Defining and Highlighting the Journey 1
Chapter 2: Starting from the Beginning: An Exploration through Career Counseling 4
Chapter 3: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion and Career 7
Chapter 4: Classical Theories, Framework, and Approaches 11
Chapter 5: Postmodern Theories, Framework, and Approaches 14
Chapter 6: Thinking to Doing: An Exploration of Your Own Career Story 17
Chapter 7: Assessments 20
Chapter 8: Career and Technology 23
Chapter 9: Career and Mental Health: Total Wellness (Erik) 26
Chapter 10: Teaching & Planning Career Development 29
Chapter 11: Career Counseling Settings 32
Chapter 12: Nuts & Bolts of Career Counseling: Skills for Practitioners 35
Chapter 13: Career Paths in Counseling (Carolyn) 38
Chapter 14: Workforce Trends: The Future of Work 40
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,CHAPTER 1: CAREER: DEFINING AND HIGHLIGHTING THE
JOURNEY
1. ________ is defined as an occupation in the field with opportunities for promotion for the duration of
a person’s working life.
A. Role of work
*B. Career
C. Great resignation
D. None of the above
Rationale: B. Career is defined as an occupation in the field that highlights the opportunities for
promotion, growth, and development throughout the life span. The role of work is more specific to the
way careers impact our lives, and the great resignation relates to the transition of workers during COVID-
19 as an exit from the workforce as individuals resigned from their jobs.
2. True or False
In late 2020 through the first half of 2021, Professor Anthony Klotz of Texas A&M University coined
the term The Great Resignation, whereby waves of people chose to resign from their jobs or the
workforce entirely in the wake of the pandemic (World Economic Forum, 2021).
Rationale: True. The phrase “The Great Resignation” was coined during 2020. In late 2020 through the
first half of 2021, a huge number of individuals in the workforce resigned from their jobs for a variety of
reasons, including aligning their work with their core values.
3. True or False
One way career professionals might advocate for equity is by bringing attention to structural
inequalities that may exist within a company based on race, gender, and other protected classes.
Rationale: True. As career professionals consider their role as it relates to advocacy, particularly with
regard to diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts, it is important for career counselors and coaches to be
aware of structural inequities that can impede the career trajectory of their clients/students. Knowing and
understanding the employment laws and regulations is imperative for career professionals to be aware of
while working with all clients.
4. A(n) _________ offers support to people in their lifelong process of discovering career abilities and
aspirations, pursuing those aspirations, progressing in their chosen career path, and seeking skills,
satisfaction, stability, and balance in work–life.
*A. career development professional
B. software engineer/developer
C. construction worker
D. none of the above
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 1
,Rationale: A. Career development professionals assist and support individuals along their lifespan as it
relates to career exploration and more. According to O*Net a software developer (response B) is incorrect
because it includes the following responsibilities and tasks “analyze project data to determine
specifications or requirements, modify software programs to improve performance, supervise information
technology personnel, and apply mathematical principles or statistical approaches to solves problems or
scientific or applies fields.” According to O*Net a construction worker (response C) is an incorrect
response due to the responsibilities and tasks include “tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide
power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.” (Resource:
O*Net)
5. True or False
Credentials and required training vary based on professional identity or orientation.
Rationale: True. Depending on the specific credential or licensure obtained will vary across the board
based on the credential offered, credentialing body/board, and standard requirements for the credential
being sought after. Each counselor-in-training or higher education professional is encouraged to research
the specific credential, requirements, and standards that need to be met before applying for the specific
credential, licensure, and/or certification.
6. The career counseling field continues to evolve and change based on which factors? Select all that
apply.
A. The economy
B. Impacts of COVID-19 and multiple social pandemics
C. Climate change
*D. All of the above
Rationale: D. Factors such as the economy, impacts of COVID and multiple social pandemics, climate
change, and advances in technology all influence the world of work and the field of career counseling.
7. True or False
All career professionals are responsible for protecting client privacy and actively seeking to increase
cultural competencies to better understand and serve clients with diverse cultural identities and
backgrounds.
Rationale: True. As a career professional, it is essential to take responsibility and protect client data,
information, and so on. From an ethical standpoint, all career counselors and professionals need to be
knowledgeable about the code of ethics and abide by the standards set forth by the profession,
credentialing, and licensing boards (NCDA, 2015).
8. Which of the following professional organizations leads the way in credentialing career
professionals?
American Accounting Association (AAA)
B. American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists (AAEES)
*C. National Career Development Association (NCDA)
D. Association of American Educators (AAE)
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 2
,Rationale: C. The NCDA offers a variety of credentials for career professionals, such as Certified Career
counselor (CCC) and Master Career Counselor (MCC), to name a few.
9. The wellness wheel consists of eight core dimensions. Which dimension is NOT the core dimension
on the wellness wheel?
A. Emotional
B. Intellectual
*C. Biological
D. Environmental
Rationale: C. Biological is not a dimension listed on the wellness wheel. The eight core dimensions are
spiritual, emotional, occupational, intellectual, environmental, financial, social, and physical.
10. True or False
Equity is defined as providing resources according to the need to help diverse populations achieve
their highest state of health and other functions, which is a static process.
Rationale: False. Equity is defined as providing resources according to the need to help diverse
populations achieve their highest state of health and other functions, and it is an ongoing process. The
process is not static, but rather a lifelong, ongoing process of advocacy (American Psychological
Association, 2021).
References
American Psychological Association. (2021). Inclusive language guidelines.
https://www.apa.org/about/apa/equity-diversity-inclusion/language-guidelines.pdf
National Career Development Association. (2015). NCDA 2015 code of ethics.
https://ncda.org/aws/NCDA/asset_manager/get_file/3395?ver=738700
World Economic Forum. (2021, November 29). What is ‘The Great Resignation’? An expert explains.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/11/what-is-the-great-resignation-and-what-can-we-learn-from-it/
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 3
,CHAPTER 2: STARTING FROM THE BEGINNING: AN
EXPLORATION THROUGH CAREER COUNSELING
1. Which of the following is NOT the three key steps identified to aid in choosing a career by Frank
Parsons?
A. A clear understanding of self, abilities, and resources
B. An understanding of the job or career requirements to achieve success
*C. Knowing your results from the alpha and beta tests
D. An understanding of the relationship between one’s traits and the factors related to the details of
the job
Rationale: C. Alpha and beta tests may be helpful in identifying potential strengths but were used
specifically for military placement.
2. The Holland Code SEA stands for:
A. Social, Enthusiastic, and Artistic.
B. Societal, Enterprising, and Ambitious.
*C. Social, Enterprising, and Artistic.
D. Societal, Enterprising, and Ambitious.
Rationale: C. Social, Enterprising, and Artistic are all part of the RIASEC framework, whereas Societal,
Enthusiastic, and Ambitious all may be reflective adjectives that can help a person think about a job
search, but are not part of the RIASEC framework.
3. True or False
Holland’s theory continues to be used and underscores several career assessments used today.
Rationale: True. Holland’s theory has influenced other assessments that remain popular and respected
today, including the Strong Interest Inventory and Self-Directed Search.
4. What is the objective of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1918?
*A. Initiate vocational rehabilitation training for honorably discharged World War I veterans
B. Provide healthcare services to honorably discharged World War I veterans at a lower cost
C. Provide substance abuse training to hospitals to better aid patients
D. Provide career opportunities for soldiers returning from World War I, regardless of their injury
status
Rationale: A. The word “rehabilitation” have multiple meanings depending on the context. The
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1918 was created to specifically assist those who were honorably
discharged from World War I for medical reasons.
5. What is an effective way to engage with first-generation college students?
A. Tailor resources to this population
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 4
, B. Bring career services to the areas they already engage in (scholar’s office, clubs, affinity groups)
C. Help students use their alumni network to build social capital
*D. All of the above
Rationale: D. All of the above-listed reasons are effective to engaging with first-generation college
students. It is important to let these students know that career services offices are a place for them, no
matter what their level of career knowledge or the size of their network when entering college. This
population can be underengaged, making them to bring career services to the areas where they do engage
particularly effective. Tailored resources tend to help population, particularly those who may be more
marginalized and feel seen, safe, and valued.
6. True or False
Approximately one-fifth of Americans live in rural areas, and though these areas are thriving, deep
poverty, high unemployment, and high underemployment persist across many rural communities
(Ajilore & Willingham, 2019).
Rationale: True. The importance of understanding and considering the impacts on rural communities as
we work within career development and counseling spaces is imperative. Clients living in rural areas may
have particular and specific needs, and as counselors, we need to address and attend to these needs to
support and work with the population.
7. A population to focus on within the college setting is first-generation college students. First-
generation college students make up ________ of the total college population and about ________ of
the population at the 4-year institutions.
*A. 50%, 34%
B. 30%, 20%
C. 15%, 50%
D. 60%, 20%
Rationale: A. First-generation college students make up 50% of the total population and about 34% of the
population at the 4-year institutions.
8. International students are the vital population to consider within the college setting. In 2019, there
were over ________ international students in the United States (Institute of International Education,
2020; Silver, 2021).
A. 100,000
B. 500,000
C. 800,000
*D. 1,000,000
Rationale: D. There are over a million international students in the United States, according to the
Institute of International Education (2020). Enrollment declined by 15% in the 2020 to 2021 school year
due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Silver, 2021).
9. True or False
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 5
Counseling Smith
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER
COUNSELING
Theory and Practical Application
Angie C. Smith, PhD, LCMHC-S, ACS, NCC and
Katie Peterssen, M.Ed, NCC, LCMHC-A
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company
,Copyright © 2024 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company,
LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax
978-646-8600, or at www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036
www.springerpub.com
connect.springerpub.com/
ISBN: 978-0-8261-5075-2
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources
believed to be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the
standards generally accepted at the time of publication. The author and publisher shall
not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or
in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book.
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external
or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that
any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
,Contents
Chapter 1: Career: Defining and Highlighting the Journey 1
Chapter 2: Starting from the Beginning: An Exploration through Career Counseling 4
Chapter 3: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion and Career 7
Chapter 4: Classical Theories, Framework, and Approaches 11
Chapter 5: Postmodern Theories, Framework, and Approaches 14
Chapter 6: Thinking to Doing: An Exploration of Your Own Career Story 17
Chapter 7: Assessments 20
Chapter 8: Career and Technology 23
Chapter 9: Career and Mental Health: Total Wellness (Erik) 26
Chapter 10: Teaching & Planning Career Development 29
Chapter 11: Career Counseling Settings 32
Chapter 12: Nuts & Bolts of Career Counseling: Skills for Practitioners 35
Chapter 13: Career Paths in Counseling (Carolyn) 38
Chapter 14: Workforce Trends: The Future of Work 40
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,CHAPTER 1: CAREER: DEFINING AND HIGHLIGHTING THE
JOURNEY
1. ________ is defined as an occupation in the field with opportunities for promotion for the duration of
a person’s working life.
A. Role of work
*B. Career
C. Great resignation
D. None of the above
Rationale: B. Career is defined as an occupation in the field that highlights the opportunities for
promotion, growth, and development throughout the life span. The role of work is more specific to the
way careers impact our lives, and the great resignation relates to the transition of workers during COVID-
19 as an exit from the workforce as individuals resigned from their jobs.
2. True or False
In late 2020 through the first half of 2021, Professor Anthony Klotz of Texas A&M University coined
the term The Great Resignation, whereby waves of people chose to resign from their jobs or the
workforce entirely in the wake of the pandemic (World Economic Forum, 2021).
Rationale: True. The phrase “The Great Resignation” was coined during 2020. In late 2020 through the
first half of 2021, a huge number of individuals in the workforce resigned from their jobs for a variety of
reasons, including aligning their work with their core values.
3. True or False
One way career professionals might advocate for equity is by bringing attention to structural
inequalities that may exist within a company based on race, gender, and other protected classes.
Rationale: True. As career professionals consider their role as it relates to advocacy, particularly with
regard to diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts, it is important for career counselors and coaches to be
aware of structural inequities that can impede the career trajectory of their clients/students. Knowing and
understanding the employment laws and regulations is imperative for career professionals to be aware of
while working with all clients.
4. A(n) _________ offers support to people in their lifelong process of discovering career abilities and
aspirations, pursuing those aspirations, progressing in their chosen career path, and seeking skills,
satisfaction, stability, and balance in work–life.
*A. career development professional
B. software engineer/developer
C. construction worker
D. none of the above
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 1
,Rationale: A. Career development professionals assist and support individuals along their lifespan as it
relates to career exploration and more. According to O*Net a software developer (response B) is incorrect
because it includes the following responsibilities and tasks “analyze project data to determine
specifications or requirements, modify software programs to improve performance, supervise information
technology personnel, and apply mathematical principles or statistical approaches to solves problems or
scientific or applies fields.” According to O*Net a construction worker (response C) is an incorrect
response due to the responsibilities and tasks include “tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide
power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt.” (Resource:
O*Net)
5. True or False
Credentials and required training vary based on professional identity or orientation.
Rationale: True. Depending on the specific credential or licensure obtained will vary across the board
based on the credential offered, credentialing body/board, and standard requirements for the credential
being sought after. Each counselor-in-training or higher education professional is encouraged to research
the specific credential, requirements, and standards that need to be met before applying for the specific
credential, licensure, and/or certification.
6. The career counseling field continues to evolve and change based on which factors? Select all that
apply.
A. The economy
B. Impacts of COVID-19 and multiple social pandemics
C. Climate change
*D. All of the above
Rationale: D. Factors such as the economy, impacts of COVID and multiple social pandemics, climate
change, and advances in technology all influence the world of work and the field of career counseling.
7. True or False
All career professionals are responsible for protecting client privacy and actively seeking to increase
cultural competencies to better understand and serve clients with diverse cultural identities and
backgrounds.
Rationale: True. As a career professional, it is essential to take responsibility and protect client data,
information, and so on. From an ethical standpoint, all career counselors and professionals need to be
knowledgeable about the code of ethics and abide by the standards set forth by the profession,
credentialing, and licensing boards (NCDA, 2015).
8. Which of the following professional organizations leads the way in credentialing career
professionals?
American Accounting Association (AAA)
B. American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists (AAEES)
*C. National Career Development Association (NCDA)
D. Association of American Educators (AAE)
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 2
,Rationale: C. The NCDA offers a variety of credentials for career professionals, such as Certified Career
counselor (CCC) and Master Career Counselor (MCC), to name a few.
9. The wellness wheel consists of eight core dimensions. Which dimension is NOT the core dimension
on the wellness wheel?
A. Emotional
B. Intellectual
*C. Biological
D. Environmental
Rationale: C. Biological is not a dimension listed on the wellness wheel. The eight core dimensions are
spiritual, emotional, occupational, intellectual, environmental, financial, social, and physical.
10. True or False
Equity is defined as providing resources according to the need to help diverse populations achieve
their highest state of health and other functions, which is a static process.
Rationale: False. Equity is defined as providing resources according to the need to help diverse
populations achieve their highest state of health and other functions, and it is an ongoing process. The
process is not static, but rather a lifelong, ongoing process of advocacy (American Psychological
Association, 2021).
References
American Psychological Association. (2021). Inclusive language guidelines.
https://www.apa.org/about/apa/equity-diversity-inclusion/language-guidelines.pdf
National Career Development Association. (2015). NCDA 2015 code of ethics.
https://ncda.org/aws/NCDA/asset_manager/get_file/3395?ver=738700
World Economic Forum. (2021, November 29). What is ‘The Great Resignation’? An expert explains.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/11/what-is-the-great-resignation-and-what-can-we-learn-from-it/
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 3
,CHAPTER 2: STARTING FROM THE BEGINNING: AN
EXPLORATION THROUGH CAREER COUNSELING
1. Which of the following is NOT the three key steps identified to aid in choosing a career by Frank
Parsons?
A. A clear understanding of self, abilities, and resources
B. An understanding of the job or career requirements to achieve success
*C. Knowing your results from the alpha and beta tests
D. An understanding of the relationship between one’s traits and the factors related to the details of
the job
Rationale: C. Alpha and beta tests may be helpful in identifying potential strengths but were used
specifically for military placement.
2. The Holland Code SEA stands for:
A. Social, Enthusiastic, and Artistic.
B. Societal, Enterprising, and Ambitious.
*C. Social, Enterprising, and Artistic.
D. Societal, Enterprising, and Ambitious.
Rationale: C. Social, Enterprising, and Artistic are all part of the RIASEC framework, whereas Societal,
Enthusiastic, and Ambitious all may be reflective adjectives that can help a person think about a job
search, but are not part of the RIASEC framework.
3. True or False
Holland’s theory continues to be used and underscores several career assessments used today.
Rationale: True. Holland’s theory has influenced other assessments that remain popular and respected
today, including the Strong Interest Inventory and Self-Directed Search.
4. What is the objective of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1918?
*A. Initiate vocational rehabilitation training for honorably discharged World War I veterans
B. Provide healthcare services to honorably discharged World War I veterans at a lower cost
C. Provide substance abuse training to hospitals to better aid patients
D. Provide career opportunities for soldiers returning from World War I, regardless of their injury
status
Rationale: A. The word “rehabilitation” have multiple meanings depending on the context. The
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1918 was created to specifically assist those who were honorably
discharged from World War I for medical reasons.
5. What is an effective way to engage with first-generation college students?
A. Tailor resources to this population
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 4
, B. Bring career services to the areas they already engage in (scholar’s office, clubs, affinity groups)
C. Help students use their alumni network to build social capital
*D. All of the above
Rationale: D. All of the above-listed reasons are effective to engaging with first-generation college
students. It is important to let these students know that career services offices are a place for them, no
matter what their level of career knowledge or the size of their network when entering college. This
population can be underengaged, making them to bring career services to the areas where they do engage
particularly effective. Tailored resources tend to help population, particularly those who may be more
marginalized and feel seen, safe, and valued.
6. True or False
Approximately one-fifth of Americans live in rural areas, and though these areas are thriving, deep
poverty, high unemployment, and high underemployment persist across many rural communities
(Ajilore & Willingham, 2019).
Rationale: True. The importance of understanding and considering the impacts on rural communities as
we work within career development and counseling spaces is imperative. Clients living in rural areas may
have particular and specific needs, and as counselors, we need to address and attend to these needs to
support and work with the population.
7. A population to focus on within the college setting is first-generation college students. First-
generation college students make up ________ of the total college population and about ________ of
the population at the 4-year institutions.
*A. 50%, 34%
B. 30%, 20%
C. 15%, 50%
D. 60%, 20%
Rationale: A. First-generation college students make up 50% of the total population and about 34% of the
population at the 4-year institutions.
8. International students are the vital population to consider within the college setting. In 2019, there
were over ________ international students in the United States (Institute of International Education,
2020; Silver, 2021).
A. 100,000
B. 500,000
C. 800,000
*D. 1,000,000
Rationale: D. There are over a million international students in the United States, according to the
Institute of International Education (2020). Enrollment declined by 15% in the 2020 to 2021 school year
due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Silver, 2021).
9. True or False
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 5
