,TESTBANK FOR Health Policy and Analysis, 2nd
Edition Seavey
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,HEALTH POLICY AND ANALYSIS
Framework and Tools for Success
Second Edition
John W. Seavey, PhD, MPH
Semra A. Aytur, PhD, MPH
Robert J. McGrath, PhD
1
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,Copyright © 2024 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through
payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the
Web at www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY, 10036
www.springerpub.com
connect.springerpub.com
ISBN: 978-0-8261-8546-0
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to
be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards
generally accepted at the time of publication. The author and publisher shall not be liable for
any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the
readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book. The publisher has no
responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet
websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such
websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
2
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,Chapter 1: Perspectives for Public Health Policy Analysis
1. Lead paint in residential properties poses a significant health risk to occupants. This example
illustrates which of the following determinants of health?
a. Social
b. Environmental
*c. Both
d. Neither
RATIONALE: Social determinants of health refer to the conditions under which people
are born, grow, live, work, play, and age. Environmental determinants refer to the built
environment that affects people’s health. Access to housing, transportation, safe spaces
for physical activity/recreation, and so forth can be considered examples of both social
and environmental determinants of health.
2. Among the core functions of public health, assurance does NOT include which of the
following?
a. Promoting and protecting public interests
b. Enforcing laws and regulations that protect public health
*c. Diagnosing and investigating health issues and health hazards
d. Evaluating personal and population-based health services
RATIONALE: Tracking the health status of the population and identifying emerging
diseases is a part of the assessment function of public health. This includes diagnosing
and investigating health issues and health hazards in the community.
3. Exposome refers to the cumulative exposures ________________________ that affect health
behavior and health status.
a. From birth until puberty
b. From birth until death
c. From puberty until death
*d. Before birth until death
RATIONALE: Exposome refers to the cumulative exposures (both positive and negative)
that affect health behavior and health status across the life course, including prenatal
exposures.
4. Tobacco farming has a significant impact on the health of its workers, potentially leading to
heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and chronic respiratory disease. This is mostly an
example of which type of health determinant?
a. Economic
*b. Environmental
c. Political
d. Planetary
1
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
, RATIONALE: Environmental determinants of health refer to factors such as access to
clean air, water, and soil; sanitation services; access to natural resources; and safe
workplaces. Tobacco farms are often an extremely unsafe workplace with several direct
health risks.
5. Which of the following is NOT generally considered an inequality that drives disparities in
health outcomes?
a. Economic stability
b. Food security
c. Availability of quality healthcare
*d. Genetics
RATIONALE: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies health
disparities as “preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or
opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged
populations” (n.d., para. 2). The underlying genetics of an individual have an impact on
their health, but they are not viewed among inequalities.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Health disparities. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/disparities/index.htm
6. Which of the following is example of “multisolving” in the context of Health in All Policies
(HiAP)?
a. Creating public land use policies that ensure availability of greenspace to the public
b. Facilitating improved agricultural practices to address food, economic, and ecological
concerns
c. Transitioning from fossil fuel power plants to clean energy
*d. All the above.
RATIONALE: “Multisolving” refers to developing solutions that address climate change
while also improving health, well-being, and economic vitality. All would have an
impact.
7. During the COVID-19 pandemic, higher rates of illness and death among people of color
were reported. This disparity can be attributed to:
a. Economic status
b. Access to healthcare
c. Physical environment
*d. All of the above
RATIONALE: The higher rates of illness and death among people of color can be
attributed to increased risk of exposure to the virus due to living, working, and
transportation situations; increased risk of experiencing serious illness if infected due to
higher rates of underlying health conditions; and increased barriers to testing and
treatment due to existing disparities in access to healthcare and testing sites. Nursing
homes had higher rates of infections and deaths. Poor heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems were also cited for increased rates of infection.
2
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,8. The exposome affects which of the following aspects across the life course?
a. Health status
b. Life expectancy
c. Health behavior
*d. All of the above
RATIONALE: The exposome affects both the health status and the health behaviors of
the population. Health status, in turn, has an effect on life expectancy.
9. Which of the following is most likely NOT a requirement for achieving health equity?
a. Addressing historical and contemporary injustices
b. Overcoming economic and social obstacles to medical care
*c. Subsidies for suburban hospitals
d. Eliminating medical care access disparities
RATIONALE: Achieving health equity requires focused and ongoing societal efforts to
address historical and contemporary injustices; overcome economic,
social, and other obstacles to health and healthcare; and eliminate health disparities.
Since suburban areas tend to have fewer minorities and higher incomes, such subsidies
would most likely not increase health equity.
10. Which of the following is most likely NOT an element of Health in All Policies (HiAP)?
*a. Creating a structural engineering review board
b. Coordinating state and local policies for public health
c. Supporting intersectoral collaboration
d. Promoting sustainability
RATIONALE: The five elements of HiAP are: create structural or process change;
support intersectoral collaboration; benefit multiple partners (not just a few); engage
stakeholders; and promote health, equity, and sustainability. While it might be valuable
to create a structural engineering review board for public safety, it would typically result
in a discipline focused review (nuts and bolts) rather than a broader perspective of how
the structure might impact the neighborhood, transportation, housing, and so on, and
further HiAP.
11. Access to which of the following counts as a social determinant of health?
a. Natural resources
b. Safe workplaces
c. Electoral process
*d. Support networks
RATIONALE: Social determinants of health include access to medical and social
services, support networks, education, housing, food, and safe recreational spaces.
12. Which of the following would NOT be considered a method toward achieving health equity?
3
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
, a. Equip farmers’ markets to accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
benefits
*b. Raise fines for speeding motorists
c. Provide ski-area vouchers to low-income locals
d. Create a mobile clinic that provides free health services to transient populations
RATIONALE: Equipping farmers’ markets with the ability to accept SNAP increases
accessibility to fresh produce. Vouchers make the costs more affordable for low-income
residents to access ski areas to afford the opportunity to exercise outside. A mobile clinic
that serves transient populations lowers the barrier to healthcare access. Raising speeding
fines in and of itself would not promote health equity; other measures could include
lowering the speed limit and building sidewalks.
13. Which is an example of policy as a determinant of health?
a. Medicare
b. Child labor laws
c. Auto exhaust regulations
*d. All of the above.
RATIONALE: All are the result of government policy, and all have an impact on the
health of the population.
14. Which philosopher argued that health is foundational to a successful life and the ability for
human beings to flourish?
a. Plato
b. Socrates
c. *Aristotle
d. Hobbes
RATIONALE: This theory is from Aristotle.
15. Which is the Institute of Medicine’s definition of “public health”?
a. *What we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be
healthy
b. The culmination of health policy
c. The interaction with the exosome and social determinants
d. The interaction between the exosome and policy
RATIONALE: A is the definition of “public health” as cited in Breakout Box 1.4: As
described by the Institute of Medicine, public health can be defined as what “we as a
society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy” (Institute
of Medicine, Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century, 2002,
p. xi).
Institute of Medicine, Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st
Century. (2002). The future of the public’s health in the 21st Century. National
Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221233
4
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,Chapter 2: Elements and History of the U.S. Political Structure
1. The notion of social order becoming a value in itself can be attributed to:
a. Garret Hardin
*b. Thomas Hobbes
c. Richard Freeman
d. James Madison
RATIONALE: The English philosopher and political theorist Thomas Hobbes prioritized
social order over the freedom of individuals to choose their own values. Without it, he
said that life would be a war of all against all.
2. Authoritative allocation of values implies that decisions of the government are:
a. Right
b. Rational
c. Moral
*d. Enforced
RATIONALE: Nation-states enact laws that are opposed by some of their population
and/or seen as immoral, wrong, and/or irrational from a historical perspective.
Authoritative allocation of values only means that the “police powers” of the state will be
used to enforce the laws of the land.
3. The Founding Fathers considered “natural rights” to be given by:
a. The government
b. The king
c. The Constitution
*d. Nature or God
RATIONALE: According to the U.S. Declaration of Independence, natural rights such as
the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, are granted by nature or God and
“unalienable.” In contrast, legal rights given by the government can be taken away by the
same.
4. The legal principle of ______________ forms the basis of the composition of common law.
*a. Stare decisis
b. Habeas corpus
c. Mandamus
d. None of the above
RATIONALE: Common law is composed of precedents established over time by the
judiciary ruling on individual cases, adding a degree of predictability as to how the courts
would rule given similar cases. This legal principle is called stare decisis.
5. The tragedy of the commons was made popular by:
1
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
, *a. Garret Hardin
b. James Madison
c. Socrates
d. Benjamin Franklin
RATIONALE: The tragedy of the commons was made popular by Garret Hardin in his
eponymous article. To illustrate a problem with the application of pure capitalism, he uses
the analogy of a group of farmers sharing a town commons leading to the destruction of
the commons.
6. The opioid epidemic is treated as a state problem partly because:
a. Opioid drugs are approved by the state.
*b. Physicians who prescribe opiates are licensed by the state.
c. Opioid drugs flow freely only within and not between states.
d. All of the above
RATIONALE: Opioid drugs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and flow freely between states. However, the opioid epidemic is treated as a state
problem partly because physicians, who are the prescribers of opiates, are licensed by the
states. Further, if the opiates are being illegally manufactured, it remains a state policy
enforcement issue, unless those illegal drugs are crossing state lines.
7. The separation of powers makes the development of public policy:
a. Unfair
*b. Slow
c. The exclusive responsibility of the executive branch
d. Easily abused
RATIONALE: The framers of the Constitution did their best to set up a political structure
that has multiple checks and balances due to a focus on liberty versus speed.
8. In the U.S. federal political system, citizens are subject to the authority of:
a. Only the federal government
b. Only the state government
*c. Both the federal and state government, with federal law taking precedence in a conflict
d. Both the federal and state government, with state law taking precedence due to state
sovereignty
RATIONALE: Citizens within a federal political system are subject to the authority of
both levels of government. When there is a conflict between state and federal laws, the
latter prevails due to the Supremacy Clause as stated in Article VI, Section 2 of the
Constitution.
9. What is the problem of information asymmetries in the marketplace?
*a. The lack of information for the buyer to make a rational choice
b. The lack of free choice in the market
2
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Edition Seavey
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
,HEALTH POLICY AND ANALYSIS
Framework and Tools for Success
Second Edition
John W. Seavey, PhD, MPH
Semra A. Aytur, PhD, MPH
Robert J. McGrath, PhD
1
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,Copyright © 2024 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through
payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the
Web at www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY, 10036
www.springerpub.com
connect.springerpub.com
ISBN: 978-0-8261-8546-0
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to
be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards
generally accepted at the time of publication. The author and publisher shall not be liable for
any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the
readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book. The publisher has no
responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet
websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such
websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
2
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,Chapter 1: Perspectives for Public Health Policy Analysis
1. Lead paint in residential properties poses a significant health risk to occupants. This example
illustrates which of the following determinants of health?
a. Social
b. Environmental
*c. Both
d. Neither
RATIONALE: Social determinants of health refer to the conditions under which people
are born, grow, live, work, play, and age. Environmental determinants refer to the built
environment that affects people’s health. Access to housing, transportation, safe spaces
for physical activity/recreation, and so forth can be considered examples of both social
and environmental determinants of health.
2. Among the core functions of public health, assurance does NOT include which of the
following?
a. Promoting and protecting public interests
b. Enforcing laws and regulations that protect public health
*c. Diagnosing and investigating health issues and health hazards
d. Evaluating personal and population-based health services
RATIONALE: Tracking the health status of the population and identifying emerging
diseases is a part of the assessment function of public health. This includes diagnosing
and investigating health issues and health hazards in the community.
3. Exposome refers to the cumulative exposures ________________________ that affect health
behavior and health status.
a. From birth until puberty
b. From birth until death
c. From puberty until death
*d. Before birth until death
RATIONALE: Exposome refers to the cumulative exposures (both positive and negative)
that affect health behavior and health status across the life course, including prenatal
exposures.
4. Tobacco farming has a significant impact on the health of its workers, potentially leading to
heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and chronic respiratory disease. This is mostly an
example of which type of health determinant?
a. Economic
*b. Environmental
c. Political
d. Planetary
1
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
, RATIONALE: Environmental determinants of health refer to factors such as access to
clean air, water, and soil; sanitation services; access to natural resources; and safe
workplaces. Tobacco farms are often an extremely unsafe workplace with several direct
health risks.
5. Which of the following is NOT generally considered an inequality that drives disparities in
health outcomes?
a. Economic stability
b. Food security
c. Availability of quality healthcare
*d. Genetics
RATIONALE: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies health
disparities as “preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or
opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged
populations” (n.d., para. 2). The underlying genetics of an individual have an impact on
their health, but they are not viewed among inequalities.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Health disparities. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/disparities/index.htm
6. Which of the following is example of “multisolving” in the context of Health in All Policies
(HiAP)?
a. Creating public land use policies that ensure availability of greenspace to the public
b. Facilitating improved agricultural practices to address food, economic, and ecological
concerns
c. Transitioning from fossil fuel power plants to clean energy
*d. All the above.
RATIONALE: “Multisolving” refers to developing solutions that address climate change
while also improving health, well-being, and economic vitality. All would have an
impact.
7. During the COVID-19 pandemic, higher rates of illness and death among people of color
were reported. This disparity can be attributed to:
a. Economic status
b. Access to healthcare
c. Physical environment
*d. All of the above
RATIONALE: The higher rates of illness and death among people of color can be
attributed to increased risk of exposure to the virus due to living, working, and
transportation situations; increased risk of experiencing serious illness if infected due to
higher rates of underlying health conditions; and increased barriers to testing and
treatment due to existing disparities in access to healthcare and testing sites. Nursing
homes had higher rates of infections and deaths. Poor heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems were also cited for increased rates of infection.
2
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,8. The exposome affects which of the following aspects across the life course?
a. Health status
b. Life expectancy
c. Health behavior
*d. All of the above
RATIONALE: The exposome affects both the health status and the health behaviors of
the population. Health status, in turn, has an effect on life expectancy.
9. Which of the following is most likely NOT a requirement for achieving health equity?
a. Addressing historical and contemporary injustices
b. Overcoming economic and social obstacles to medical care
*c. Subsidies for suburban hospitals
d. Eliminating medical care access disparities
RATIONALE: Achieving health equity requires focused and ongoing societal efforts to
address historical and contemporary injustices; overcome economic,
social, and other obstacles to health and healthcare; and eliminate health disparities.
Since suburban areas tend to have fewer minorities and higher incomes, such subsidies
would most likely not increase health equity.
10. Which of the following is most likely NOT an element of Health in All Policies (HiAP)?
*a. Creating a structural engineering review board
b. Coordinating state and local policies for public health
c. Supporting intersectoral collaboration
d. Promoting sustainability
RATIONALE: The five elements of HiAP are: create structural or process change;
support intersectoral collaboration; benefit multiple partners (not just a few); engage
stakeholders; and promote health, equity, and sustainability. While it might be valuable
to create a structural engineering review board for public safety, it would typically result
in a discipline focused review (nuts and bolts) rather than a broader perspective of how
the structure might impact the neighborhood, transportation, housing, and so on, and
further HiAP.
11. Access to which of the following counts as a social determinant of health?
a. Natural resources
b. Safe workplaces
c. Electoral process
*d. Support networks
RATIONALE: Social determinants of health include access to medical and social
services, support networks, education, housing, food, and safe recreational spaces.
12. Which of the following would NOT be considered a method toward achieving health equity?
3
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
, a. Equip farmers’ markets to accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
benefits
*b. Raise fines for speeding motorists
c. Provide ski-area vouchers to low-income locals
d. Create a mobile clinic that provides free health services to transient populations
RATIONALE: Equipping farmers’ markets with the ability to accept SNAP increases
accessibility to fresh produce. Vouchers make the costs more affordable for low-income
residents to access ski areas to afford the opportunity to exercise outside. A mobile clinic
that serves transient populations lowers the barrier to healthcare access. Raising speeding
fines in and of itself would not promote health equity; other measures could include
lowering the speed limit and building sidewalks.
13. Which is an example of policy as a determinant of health?
a. Medicare
b. Child labor laws
c. Auto exhaust regulations
*d. All of the above.
RATIONALE: All are the result of government policy, and all have an impact on the
health of the population.
14. Which philosopher argued that health is foundational to a successful life and the ability for
human beings to flourish?
a. Plato
b. Socrates
c. *Aristotle
d. Hobbes
RATIONALE: This theory is from Aristotle.
15. Which is the Institute of Medicine’s definition of “public health”?
a. *What we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be
healthy
b. The culmination of health policy
c. The interaction with the exosome and social determinants
d. The interaction between the exosome and policy
RATIONALE: A is the definition of “public health” as cited in Breakout Box 1.4: As
described by the Institute of Medicine, public health can be defined as what “we as a
society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy” (Institute
of Medicine, Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century, 2002,
p. xi).
Institute of Medicine, Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st
Century. (2002). The future of the public’s health in the 21st Century. National
Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221233
4
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,Chapter 2: Elements and History of the U.S. Political Structure
1. The notion of social order becoming a value in itself can be attributed to:
a. Garret Hardin
*b. Thomas Hobbes
c. Richard Freeman
d. James Madison
RATIONALE: The English philosopher and political theorist Thomas Hobbes prioritized
social order over the freedom of individuals to choose their own values. Without it, he
said that life would be a war of all against all.
2. Authoritative allocation of values implies that decisions of the government are:
a. Right
b. Rational
c. Moral
*d. Enforced
RATIONALE: Nation-states enact laws that are opposed by some of their population
and/or seen as immoral, wrong, and/or irrational from a historical perspective.
Authoritative allocation of values only means that the “police powers” of the state will be
used to enforce the laws of the land.
3. The Founding Fathers considered “natural rights” to be given by:
a. The government
b. The king
c. The Constitution
*d. Nature or God
RATIONALE: According to the U.S. Declaration of Independence, natural rights such as
the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, are granted by nature or God and
“unalienable.” In contrast, legal rights given by the government can be taken away by the
same.
4. The legal principle of ______________ forms the basis of the composition of common law.
*a. Stare decisis
b. Habeas corpus
c. Mandamus
d. None of the above
RATIONALE: Common law is composed of precedents established over time by the
judiciary ruling on individual cases, adding a degree of predictability as to how the courts
would rule given similar cases. This legal principle is called stare decisis.
5. The tragedy of the commons was made popular by:
1
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
, *a. Garret Hardin
b. James Madison
c. Socrates
d. Benjamin Franklin
RATIONALE: The tragedy of the commons was made popular by Garret Hardin in his
eponymous article. To illustrate a problem with the application of pure capitalism, he uses
the analogy of a group of farmers sharing a town commons leading to the destruction of
the commons.
6. The opioid epidemic is treated as a state problem partly because:
a. Opioid drugs are approved by the state.
*b. Physicians who prescribe opiates are licensed by the state.
c. Opioid drugs flow freely only within and not between states.
d. All of the above
RATIONALE: Opioid drugs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and flow freely between states. However, the opioid epidemic is treated as a state
problem partly because physicians, who are the prescribers of opiates, are licensed by the
states. Further, if the opiates are being illegally manufactured, it remains a state policy
enforcement issue, unless those illegal drugs are crossing state lines.
7. The separation of powers makes the development of public policy:
a. Unfair
*b. Slow
c. The exclusive responsibility of the executive branch
d. Easily abused
RATIONALE: The framers of the Constitution did their best to set up a political structure
that has multiple checks and balances due to a focus on liberty versus speed.
8. In the U.S. federal political system, citizens are subject to the authority of:
a. Only the federal government
b. Only the state government
*c. Both the federal and state government, with federal law taking precedence in a conflict
d. Both the federal and state government, with state law taking precedence due to state
sovereignty
RATIONALE: Citizens within a federal political system are subject to the authority of
both levels of government. When there is a conflict between state and federal laws, the
latter prevails due to the Supremacy Clause as stated in Article VI, Section 2 of the
Constitution.
9. What is the problem of information asymmetries in the marketplace?
*a. The lack of information for the buyer to make a rational choice
b. The lack of free choice in the market
2
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
