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,Test Bank to Accompany
Social Work
Skills for
Community
Practice: Applied
Macro Social
Work
Second Edition
Mary-Ellen Brown, PhD,
MSW, MPA, LCSW
Katie Stalker, PhD, MSW
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
All Rights Reserved.
,Copyright © 2023 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
This work is protected by U.S. copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in
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Publishing Company, LLC.
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ISBN: 978-0-8261-5837-6
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,Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Application of Community Practice Skills in Macro Social
Work 1
Chapter 2: Entering the Community and Using Interviewing Skills to Understand
People, Issues, and Opportunities 3
Chapter 3: Recruiting Potential Participants 5
Chapter 4: Developing Relationships and Partnerships With Grassroots and Formal
Organizations 7
Chapter 5: Using Dialogue, Traditional and Digital Storytelling, and Structured
Group-Work Techniques to Identify Community Issues 9
Chapter 6: Engaging Participants in the Discovery, Assessment, and Documentation of
Community Strengths and Challenges 11
Chapter 7: Facilitating Leadership Development and Group Decision-Making:
Encouraging Public Participation in Planning and Engaging Constituents in
the Development of Action Plans 13
Chapter 8: Taking Action: Group Processes for Implementing Action Campaigns and
Change Strategies 15
Chapter 9: Working With Community Groups to Critically Reflect and Engage in
Dialogue on the Process and Outcomes of Action Plans 17
Chapter 10: Discovering Whether and Why the Action Worked: Using Participatory
Research to Conduct Formal Evaluations 19
Chapter 11: Using Social Work Skills to Advocate for Legislation 21
Chapter 12: Social Work Skills for Community Building 23
Chapter 13: Leadership, Teamwork, and Supervision in Macro Social Work Practice 25
Chapter 14: Social Work Skills in a Global Context: Advocating for Human Rights 27
Copyright © Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
,CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: THE APPLICATION OF
COMMUNITY PRACTICE SKILLS IN MACRO
SOCIAL WORK
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. What type of social work practice typically refers to direct practice with individuals and families in a
one-on-one setting, and often involves psychoeducational or case management services?
a. Macro social work
b. Mezzo social work
c. Micro social work
d. Community organizing
Answer: Micro social work practice typically refers to direct practice with individuals and families in a
one-on-one setting, and often involves providing services such as behavioral health, mental health,
psychoeducation, case or care management, or other services that are focused on and tailored to
facilitating change for the individual participant or family system. Mezzo practice is commonly associated
with facilitating change at the group level, such as a group of people within an organization, school, or
neighborhood. Macro social work traditionally refers to facilitating large-scale change for communities,
systems, and society. Community organizing is a type of macro social work that is focused on organizing
people to advocate for large-scale change for communities, systems, and society.
2. What type of social work practice is focused on addressing a shared issue or common need among a
group of people, such as a group of people within an organization, school, or neighborhood?
a. Micro social work
b. Mezzo social work
c. Macro social work
d. Community organizing
Answer: Mezzo practice is commonly associated with facilitating change at the group level, and group
systems can vary in diversity, size, and setting, such as a group of people within an organization, school,
or neighborhood. Mezzo practice goals are focused on addressing a shared issue or common need among
the group, can include the provision of direct services for groups, and often involve the delivery of some
type of programming for the group (e.g., bullying prevention program, neighborhood watch group,
veterans support group). Micro social work practice typically refers to direct practice with individuals and
families in a one-on-one setting. Macro social work traditionally refers to facilitating large-scale change
for communities, systems, and society. Community organizing is a type of macro social work that is
focused on organizing people to advocate for large-scale change for communities, systems, and society.
3. What type of social work practice refers to facilitating large-scale change for communities, systems,
and society, and often involves community organizing, social action, or community change
initiatives?
a. Micro social work
b. Mezzo social work
c. Macro social work
d. Community organizing
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 1
,Answer: Macro social work traditionally refers to facilitating large-scale change for communities,
systems, and society, and often involves community organizing, social action, or community change
initiatives that aim to address unjust policies; racial, health, or other inequities; systemic racism,
discrimination, and other injustices; human rights; and social issues that impact minoritized and
marginalized groups of people and communities. Micro social work practice typically refers to direct
practice with individuals and families in a one-on-one setting. Mezzo practice is commonly associated
with facilitating change at the group level, such as a group of people within an organization, school, or
neighborhood. Community organizing is a type of macro social work that is focused on organizing people
to advocate for large-scale change for communities, systems, and society.
4. According to Rothman (1979), there are three primary models of community organizing. Of those,
what is the name of the community organizing process when a group of a variety of stakeholders
come together to address community challenges and work cooperatively to improve the community?
a. Capacity building
b. Social action
c. Community development
d. Appreciative inquiry
Answer: Community development is a process through which a variety of community residents, groups,
businesses, churches, organizations, and other stakeholders come together to reach a consensus about
community challenges and work cooperatively to improve the community. Capacity building—training
and engagement in activities designed to increase individual and organizational capacity and readiness to
participate in community change activities—is also considered one of the main components of the process
of community development practice. Social action involves putting pressure on individuals or groups to
achieve community-level, policy, or systemic change, and social action tasks may include lobbying policy
makers and other governmental officials, running for political office, or engaging in social protest.
Appreciative inquiry is an asset-based approach to community assessment.
Rothman, J. (1979). Three models of community organization practice, their mixing and phasing. In F.
Cox, J. Erlich, J. Rothman, & J. Tropman (Eds.), Strategies of community organization (3rd ed., pp.
25–45). F.E. Peacock Publishers.
ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. Compare and contrast Rothman’s (1979) three models for community organizing: community
development, social action, and social planning. Provide examples of the types of contexts for
community practice in which you would use each model.
2. Briefly describe the core values and ethics that are essential for community and macro social
work practice.
3. What is the difference between cultural competence and cultural humility? Why is this distinction
important?
4. Briefly describe the four stages of the iM-PAACT model. Considering the iM-PAACT model and
its utility in community practice, what are some techniques you can use to incorporate a self-care
plan in your regular routine?
2 © Springer Publishing Company, LLC
,CHAPTER 2: ENTERING THE COMMUNITY AND USING
INTERVIEWING SKILLS TO UNDERSTAND
PEOPLE, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. ________ are commonly geographically constructed or identity-based, and consist of neighborhoods,
political districts, or composed of people with a shared culture or common characteristics.
a. Organizations
b. Communities
c. Social networks
d. Community readiness
Answer: Communities are typically either geographically constructed or identity-based, and therefore can
consist of neighborhoods or political districts (i.e., geographic), or be composed of people with a shared
culture or common characteristics, interests, or problem issues (i.e., identity-based). Organizations are
nonprofits, businesses, academic institutions, or other entities that share a common purpose through the
work they perform. Most communities consist of a group of people that are linked together through a
pattern of social interactions or exchanges such as giving and receiving resources, advice, or support, that
is, social networks. Community readiness involves both the belief that change is possible and the belief
that the community has the capacity for change.
2. Which of the following is not one of Berg’s (2017) tips for gaining entry into a community?
a. Observe people, listen to conversations, ask questions
b. Visit with the local newspaper to learn about the media’s viewpoint of the community
c. Find formal and informal groups of people in the community, and identify influential community
leaders and people
d. Watch, listen, and, if the community of interest is a geographic space, walk around. Smile and
greet the people that you meet.
Answer: Berg (2017) describes several tips for gaining entry into a community. The three primary tips
include: (1) watch, listen, and, if the community of interest is a geographic space, walk around. Smile and
greet the people that you meet; (2) observe people, listen to conversations, ask questions; and (3) find
formal and informal groups of people in the community, and identify influential community leaders and
people. These methods allow a community organizer to gain an initial understanding of the community,
its people, values, and norms, and to begin to build relationships and establish trust and credibility. While
visiting with local media, such as the local newspaper, can provide valuable insights into how the
community has been historically and is currently portrayed by the media, it is not one of the three
suggested tips by Berg for initial entry into the community. Reviewing newspaper articles and social
media is an important strategy for background research but is not one of the key three primary strategies
for gaining entry into a community highlighted by Berg (2017).
Berg, B. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (9th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 3
,3. What type of data collection method for community assessment is usually one-on-one and semi-
structured with guiding questions, elicits open-ended responses rather than yes or no answers, and
allows the community practitioner to obtain information about community assets, strengths, issues,
and opportunities to establish relationships and to recruit potential participants?
a. Focus groups
b. Key informant interviews
c. Observations
d. Photovoice
Answer: The type of data collection method that is usually one-on-one and “semi-structured with guiding
questions and elicit[s] open-ended responses rather than yes or no questions,” and allows the community
practitioner to obtain information about community assets, strengths, issues, and opportunities, to
establish relationships, and to recruit potential participants is key informant interviews. Focus groups are
similar in that they may be semi-structured, elicit open-ended responses, can yield information about
community assets, strengths, issues, and opportunities, and can be a means to building relationships and
recruiting potential participants, however, they are conducted with small groups of people rather than in
one-on-one conversational settings. Data collection using observational techniques can be conducted in a
variety of contexts (e.g., at a park or community setting, cultural fair, or event), however, the community
practitioner is observing and taking note of the people, interactions, exchanges, or other phenomena of
interest and is not typically gathering data through direct conversation. Photovoice is a data collection
method that involves assigning a group a research question and asking participants to take photographs of
their own observations of the focus of the research question, and then discussing those photographs and
their meaning within the group and/or with a larger group of community members or other partners.
4. __________ is a lifelong commitment to learning and increasing one’s knowledge and practice to
raise awareness and consciousness of cultural norms, customs, and practices of the communities with
which they work, through respect, recognition, and humility.
a. Self-care
b. Ethics
c. Cultural competence
d. Professional development
Answer: Cultural competence is a lifelong commitment to learning and increasing your knowledge and
practice to raise awareness and consciousness of cultural norms, customs, and practices of the
communities with which you work through respect, recognition, and humility. There is no textbook or
resource that can teach you everything you need to know pertaining to the culture of any specific
individual or group, and there is no process to certify a “culturally competent” practitioner. Even within
communities with a shared cultural identity there exist differences in values, norms, and customs. As a
community practitioner, you commit to do the best you can to practice ethically and from a lens of
cultural competence, and as you learn better, you commit to doing better. Ethical social work practice
includes cultural competency, but also additional principles of ethics recognized by the profession.
Professional development is the commitment and expectation for social work practitioners to continue to
learn and stay up to date on emerging best practices in the field throughout the life of their career and can
include training in cultural competency as one of many learning topics. Self-care is an important
individualized practice for social workers to engage in to protect themselves against the risk for burnout
and secondary trauma and promote well-being and internal resilience.
4 © Springer Publishing Company, LLC
, ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. What does the term community readiness refer to?
2. Who are key informants in community work?
3. What is the purpose of one-on-one interviews?
4. Briefly describe the similarities and differences in the use of interviewing skills for community
organizing vs. micro practice.
© Springer Publishing Company, LLC 5