NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS TESTED AND
APPROVED
CYP450 Inducers --ANSWER--Medications that can increase the rate of
another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications --ANSWER--CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors --ANSWER--Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity
of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the
pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications --ANSWER--VISACKGQ
,Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria --ANSWER---potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to
medication-disease or medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate
the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired
kidney function in older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions --ANSWER--when one medication systemically
alters the potency of another medication.
,Absorption Interaction --ANSWER--result of a change due to one medication's
effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction --ANSWER--caused by the amount of unbound/free
medications available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction --ANSWER--concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than
expected.
Elimination Interaction --ANSWER--the body's ability to eliminate medications
in pure form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions --ANSWER--does not alter or impact
absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of
action
Pharmacokinetics --ANSWER--The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics --ANSWER--The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption --ANSWER--Rate of dissolution
, Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution --ANSWER--Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics --ANSWER--substances that are foreign to the body, usually
synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) --ANSWER--xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes
necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of
chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) --ANSWER--responsible for phase 1
metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 --ANSWER--Oxidation; Reduction;
Hydrolysis
FUNDAMENTALS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS TESTED AND
APPROVED
CYP450 Inducers --ANSWER--Medications that can increase the rate of
another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications --ANSWER--CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors --ANSWER--Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity
of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the
pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications --ANSWER--VISACKGQ
,Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria --ANSWER---potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to
medication-disease or medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate
the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired
kidney function in older adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions --ANSWER--when one medication systemically
alters the potency of another medication.
,Absorption Interaction --ANSWER--result of a change due to one medication's
effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction --ANSWER--caused by the amount of unbound/free
medications available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction --ANSWER--concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than
expected.
Elimination Interaction --ANSWER--the body's ability to eliminate medications
in pure form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions --ANSWER--does not alter or impact
absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at its site of
action
Pharmacokinetics --ANSWER--The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics --ANSWER--The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption --ANSWER--Rate of dissolution
, Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution --ANSWER--Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics --ANSWER--substances that are foreign to the body, usually
synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) --ANSWER--xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes
necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of
chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) --ANSWER--responsible for phase 1
metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 --ANSWER--Oxidation; Reduction;
Hydrolysis
