NR 566 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e5n4x2
1. What pathogen is highly associated with CAP in general population?: streptococ-
cus pneumoniae
2. Other common pathogens with CAP: atypical bacteria (mycoplasma pneumonia)
viruses (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus)
3. First line treatment CAP in previous healthy adults: Amoxicillin, doxycycline, macrolides
(DAM)
4. Treatment of CAP in pregnancy: amoxicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin (ACE)
5. Treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia in the pediatric patient: Macrolides (ery-
thromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)
6. treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infant: Erythromycin base/ethylsuccinate
7. Broad spectrum antibiotics - when to use?: empiric therapy
When you don't know which bacteria it is
more likely to facilitate emergence of drug-resistant organisms and superinfections
prescribe these before culture results back
suspects patient has UTI
8. Narrow spectrum antibiotics - when to use?: When the pathogen is known
Preferred
9. What are empiric antibiotics?: Broad Spectrum antibiotics that are given BEFORE the results are in for
certain circumstances.
Also can be prescribed when the NP believes it is a certain disease.
A)Prescription for an antibiotic for severe infection based on knowledge
B)Prescription of an antibiotic for severe infection based on clinical evaluation
C)Prescription of antibiotic for severe infection based on most likely causative agent
10. When to prescribe empiric antibiotics?: E for Emergency
E for enticpation
Embulatory patients
Pt has severe infxn, initiate treatment before test results available
11. How to treat C Diff: Stop taking the abx that caused it
flagyl and vancomycin
1/8
, NR 566 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e5n4x2
12. Drug class known for all drugs in class to promote development of C diff: -
cephalosporins (especially second or third generations)
13. Penicillin's have cross-sensitivity with which drug class?: cephalosporins
14. Can you take penicillin's if pregnant?: Yes
15. Can you prescribe cephalosporins if pregnant?: yes
16. Patient education needed for cephalosporins: Can promote C diff, instruct patients to report
increase in stool frequency
17. Can you prescribe tetracyclines in pregnant patients: No - can cause tooth staining
18. Patient education for tetracyclines: Photosensitivity. Advise patients to avoid prolonged exposure
to sunlight, to wear protective clothing, and to apply sunscreen to exposed skin/avoid tanning beds.
Instruct patients not to take this medication together with calcium supplements, milk products, iron supplements,
magnesium-containing laxatives, and most antacids.
Advise patients to notify the provider if diarrhea occurs, as this is an indication of potentially life-threatening superin-
fection of the bowel.
19. Macrolides patient education: increased risk of Torsades due to prolonged QT
20. Which macrolide is ok for pregnancy?: erythromycin
21. Aminoglycosides patient education (ex. gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin)-
: use is associated with ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
22. Prescribing sulfonamides during pregnancy: not safe (especially in first trimester)- causes
birth defects
if taken near term, infant can develop kernicterus (brain damage caused by too much bilirubin)
23. Which cephalosporins may induce a disulfiram-like reaction if alcohol is
ingested?: Cefazolin and cefotetan
24. sulfonamides patient education: complete full course even if symptoms resolved
take with 8-10 glasses of water or noncaffeinated beverages per day to decrease risk of crystalluria
protect skin from sun
no tanning beds
monitor for hypersensitivity symptoms
25. sulfonamides renal dosing: Avoid in older adults for
For patients with creatinine clearance <30mL/min:
For patients concurrently prescribed warfarin, avoid trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, macrolides, and ciprofloxacin
do not give if creatine is under 15
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e5n4x2
1. What pathogen is highly associated with CAP in general population?: streptococ-
cus pneumoniae
2. Other common pathogens with CAP: atypical bacteria (mycoplasma pneumonia)
viruses (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus)
3. First line treatment CAP in previous healthy adults: Amoxicillin, doxycycline, macrolides
(DAM)
4. Treatment of CAP in pregnancy: amoxicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin (ACE)
5. Treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia in the pediatric patient: Macrolides (ery-
thromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)
6. treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infant: Erythromycin base/ethylsuccinate
7. Broad spectrum antibiotics - when to use?: empiric therapy
When you don't know which bacteria it is
more likely to facilitate emergence of drug-resistant organisms and superinfections
prescribe these before culture results back
suspects patient has UTI
8. Narrow spectrum antibiotics - when to use?: When the pathogen is known
Preferred
9. What are empiric antibiotics?: Broad Spectrum antibiotics that are given BEFORE the results are in for
certain circumstances.
Also can be prescribed when the NP believes it is a certain disease.
A)Prescription for an antibiotic for severe infection based on knowledge
B)Prescription of an antibiotic for severe infection based on clinical evaluation
C)Prescription of antibiotic for severe infection based on most likely causative agent
10. When to prescribe empiric antibiotics?: E for Emergency
E for enticpation
Embulatory patients
Pt has severe infxn, initiate treatment before test results available
11. How to treat C Diff: Stop taking the abx that caused it
flagyl and vancomycin
1/8
, NR 566 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e5n4x2
12. Drug class known for all drugs in class to promote development of C diff: -
cephalosporins (especially second or third generations)
13. Penicillin's have cross-sensitivity with which drug class?: cephalosporins
14. Can you take penicillin's if pregnant?: Yes
15. Can you prescribe cephalosporins if pregnant?: yes
16. Patient education needed for cephalosporins: Can promote C diff, instruct patients to report
increase in stool frequency
17. Can you prescribe tetracyclines in pregnant patients: No - can cause tooth staining
18. Patient education for tetracyclines: Photosensitivity. Advise patients to avoid prolonged exposure
to sunlight, to wear protective clothing, and to apply sunscreen to exposed skin/avoid tanning beds.
Instruct patients not to take this medication together with calcium supplements, milk products, iron supplements,
magnesium-containing laxatives, and most antacids.
Advise patients to notify the provider if diarrhea occurs, as this is an indication of potentially life-threatening superin-
fection of the bowel.
19. Macrolides patient education: increased risk of Torsades due to prolonged QT
20. Which macrolide is ok for pregnancy?: erythromycin
21. Aminoglycosides patient education (ex. gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin)-
: use is associated with ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
22. Prescribing sulfonamides during pregnancy: not safe (especially in first trimester)- causes
birth defects
if taken near term, infant can develop kernicterus (brain damage caused by too much bilirubin)
23. Which cephalosporins may induce a disulfiram-like reaction if alcohol is
ingested?: Cefazolin and cefotetan
24. sulfonamides patient education: complete full course even if symptoms resolved
take with 8-10 glasses of water or noncaffeinated beverages per day to decrease risk of crystalluria
protect skin from sun
no tanning beds
monitor for hypersensitivity symptoms
25. sulfonamides renal dosing: Avoid in older adults for
For patients with creatinine clearance <30mL/min:
For patients concurrently prescribed warfarin, avoid trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, macrolides, and ciprofloxacin
do not give if creatine is under 15
2/8
