NR 566 MIDTERM EXAM (2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025) / NR566 MIDTE
EXAM REVIEW /LATEST ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF FAMI
LY|AGRADE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7d42s
1. Community Acquired Pneumonia - Common Pathogens: -S. pneumoniae
-Mycoplasma spp.
-H. influenzae
-Staphylococcus aureus
2. Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for previously healthy
adults and what to give if 1st drug didn't work?: 1st line: Amoxicillin, doxycycline and macrolide
(Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
3. Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients?: Macrolides: Azithromycin, Ery-
thromycin, Clarithromycin
4. Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy: Amoxicillin,
cephalosporins, or erythromycin
5. If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of
contracting CAP, a quinolone would be prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar
with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class: "floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
6. Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant?: Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg PO QID x 14
days
7. When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic?: -before cultures result
-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
8. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics: -active against only a few species of microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
, NR 566 MIDTERM EXAM (2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025) / NR566 MIDTE
EXAM REVIEW /LATEST ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF FAMI
LY|AGRADE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7d42s
9. Empiric antibiotics - What are they?: Broad spectrum antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
10. When to prescribed empiric antibiotics: -patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely causing the infection
11. C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat?: Stop prior antibiotic and start Vancomycin or
Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
12. Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C.
Diff: -Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
13. Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction: Cephalosporins
14. Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients: Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
15. Cephalosporins - Patient Education: -Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs, thrombolytics, and anticoagulants)
-Increases risk for C. Diff, notify provider of increased stool frequency
16. Cephalosporins - Pregnant patients: Safe to prescribe
17. Tetracyclines - patient education: -Do NOT administer w/ calcium supplements, milk products, Iron
supplements, magnesium (contain laxatives), most antacids)
-Avoid prolonged sun exposure
-most common side effect: n/v, diarrhea (take with meals to avoid)
18. Tetracyclines - Prescribing in pregnant patients: can cause fetal harm and permanent
staining of infants teeth
AVOID
19. Macrolides - Patient education: -can cause QT prolongation and risk for torsades de pointes
-GI effects: n/v, diarrhea ( take with meals to avoid this)
EXAM REVIEW /LATEST ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF FAMI
LY|AGRADE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7d42s
1. Community Acquired Pneumonia - Common Pathogens: -S. pneumoniae
-Mycoplasma spp.
-H. influenzae
-Staphylococcus aureus
2. Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for previously healthy
adults and what to give if 1st drug didn't work?: 1st line: Amoxicillin, doxycycline and macrolide
(Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
3. Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients?: Macrolides: Azithromycin, Ery-
thromycin, Clarithromycin
4. Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy: Amoxicillin,
cephalosporins, or erythromycin
5. If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of
contracting CAP, a quinolone would be prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar
with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class: "floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
6. Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant?: Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg PO QID x 14
days
7. When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic?: -before cultures result
-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
8. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics: -active against only a few species of microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
, NR 566 MIDTERM EXAM (2 LATEST VERSIONS 2024-2025) / NR566 MIDTE
EXAM REVIEW /LATEST ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF FAMI
LY|AGRADE
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7d42s
9. Empiric antibiotics - What are they?: Broad spectrum antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
10. When to prescribed empiric antibiotics: -patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely causing the infection
11. C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat?: Stop prior antibiotic and start Vancomycin or
Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
12. Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C.
Diff: -Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
13. Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction: Cephalosporins
14. Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients: Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
15. Cephalosporins - Patient Education: -Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs, thrombolytics, and anticoagulants)
-Increases risk for C. Diff, notify provider of increased stool frequency
16. Cephalosporins - Pregnant patients: Safe to prescribe
17. Tetracyclines - patient education: -Do NOT administer w/ calcium supplements, milk products, Iron
supplements, magnesium (contain laxatives), most antacids)
-Avoid prolonged sun exposure
-most common side effect: n/v, diarrhea (take with meals to avoid)
18. Tetracyclines - Prescribing in pregnant patients: can cause fetal harm and permanent
staining of infants teeth
AVOID
19. Macrolides - Patient education: -can cause QT prolongation and risk for torsades de pointes
-GI effects: n/v, diarrhea ( take with meals to avoid this)
