BIOS255 Exam 2 (Latest Update 2025 /
2026) Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab
Questions & Answers 100% Correct [Grade
A] - Chamberlain
What does the epidermis primarily consist of?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the epidermal derivatives?
glands, hair, nails
What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis?
- Karatinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Open (compound) fracture
bone end penetrated the skin
Linear fracture
break parallels the long axis of the bone
Tranverse fracture
break across the bone long axis
Complete fracture
bone is broken through
Incomplete (greenstick) fracture
one side of the shaft breaks, the other side bends
Keratinocytes (functions)
most numerous cell type, make fibrous protein keratin
,BIOS255 Exam 2 (Latest Update 2025 /
2026) Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab
Questions & Answers 100% Correct [Grade
A] - Chamberlain
Melanocytes (functions)
synthesize pigment called melanin
Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name)
also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch, associated with a dermal
nerve fiber
Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name)
macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes
What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)?
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Straum lucidum
How many layers are found in the stratum basale?
1 layer
What cells are found in the stratum basale?
stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (merkel) cells
What is the importance of the stem cells in the stratum basale?
makes it mitotically active, the stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes
How many layers are in the stratum spinosum?
8-10 layers
What is the appearance of the cells in the stratum spinosum, and why?
, BIOS255 Exam 2 (Latest Update 2025 /
2026) Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab
Questions & Answers 100% Correct [Grade
A] - Chamberlain
The cells are flattened, which happens as they are pushed upward
What is contained in the stratum spinosum?
Keratinocytes, dendridic (langerhans) cells
In which epidermis layers do keratinocytes produce waterproofing substances?
Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum
What are the waterproofing substances produced by the keratinocytes?
keratin, lipids
How many layers are in the stratum granulosum?
3-5 layers
In what layer do the nuclei and organelles begin to degenerate in the keratinocytes?
stratum granulosum
What do the cells look like in the stratum granulosum and why?
They continue to flatten because of accumulation of keratin
How many layers are in the stratum lucidum, and what do they look like?
3-4 layers of translucent cells
Why are the cells in the stratum lucidum translucent?
the clear protein named eleidin
How many layers are in the stratum corneum?
up to 30 layers
What do the layers of the stratum corneum consist of?
dead scaly keratinized cells
What are 2 of the main purposes of the stratum corneum?
2026) Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab
Questions & Answers 100% Correct [Grade
A] - Chamberlain
What does the epidermis primarily consist of?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the epidermal derivatives?
glands, hair, nails
What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis?
- Karatinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Open (compound) fracture
bone end penetrated the skin
Linear fracture
break parallels the long axis of the bone
Tranverse fracture
break across the bone long axis
Complete fracture
bone is broken through
Incomplete (greenstick) fracture
one side of the shaft breaks, the other side bends
Keratinocytes (functions)
most numerous cell type, make fibrous protein keratin
,BIOS255 Exam 2 (Latest Update 2025 /
2026) Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab
Questions & Answers 100% Correct [Grade
A] - Chamberlain
Melanocytes (functions)
synthesize pigment called melanin
Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name)
also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch, associated with a dermal
nerve fiber
Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name)
macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes
What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)?
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Straum lucidum
How many layers are found in the stratum basale?
1 layer
What cells are found in the stratum basale?
stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (merkel) cells
What is the importance of the stem cells in the stratum basale?
makes it mitotically active, the stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes
How many layers are in the stratum spinosum?
8-10 layers
What is the appearance of the cells in the stratum spinosum, and why?
, BIOS255 Exam 2 (Latest Update 2025 /
2026) Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab
Questions & Answers 100% Correct [Grade
A] - Chamberlain
The cells are flattened, which happens as they are pushed upward
What is contained in the stratum spinosum?
Keratinocytes, dendridic (langerhans) cells
In which epidermis layers do keratinocytes produce waterproofing substances?
Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum
What are the waterproofing substances produced by the keratinocytes?
keratin, lipids
How many layers are in the stratum granulosum?
3-5 layers
In what layer do the nuclei and organelles begin to degenerate in the keratinocytes?
stratum granulosum
What do the cells look like in the stratum granulosum and why?
They continue to flatten because of accumulation of keratin
How many layers are in the stratum lucidum, and what do they look like?
3-4 layers of translucent cells
Why are the cells in the stratum lucidum translucent?
the clear protein named eleidin
How many layers are in the stratum corneum?
up to 30 layers
What do the layers of the stratum corneum consist of?
dead scaly keratinized cells
What are 2 of the main purposes of the stratum corneum?
