CNA PROMETRIC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NEWLY MODIFIED 2025/2026 LATEST
UPDATE
Areas of the body where bone lies close to the skin is known as
A. a skin fold.
B. a pressure ulcer.
C. skin breakdown.
D. a pressure point. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: D
Rationale: A pressure point is an area where the bone lies close to the skin. If the resident's
position applies pressure to that area for a prolonged period of time, the tissue on top of the
bone can be harmed by the poor circulation caused by the pressure. Pressure points vary
depending on the resident's position. The nurse aide needs to observe these boney areas
closely whenever a resident's position is changed as the boney areas are at higher risk for skin
breakdown.
A resident has returned from the hospital after a hip replacement. The nurse aide should
expect that the resident will be
A. dependent and need total care.
B. confined to bed for several weeks.
C. going to physical therapy to increase mobility.
D. receiving range of motion (ROM) exercises to hip. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct
answer: C
Rationale: Residents receiving care after a hip fracture usually receive physical therapy to
continue to improve their strengthening and ambulation ability. The resident is not confined
to bed and does not require total care. The nurse aide may be required to assist the resident
with the ADLs as the resident continues rehabilitation with the assistance of physical therapy.
Page 1 of 80
,The nurse aide will need to check the resident's care plan regarding any range of motion
exercises since while the hip is healing some exercises and movements can be harmful. For
example, after hip replacement surgery, residents are not allowed to cross legs or to bend at
the hips more than 90 degrees. The resident may require a positioning device between legs
when being turned in bed.
Which statement is true about the effects of aging?
A. The aging process can be reversed with good health care.
B. Bladder incontinence is a normal part of aging.
C. Joints tend to be less flexible as a person ages.
D. Sensitivity to pain increases with age. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: C
Rationale: The elderly experience a number of changes that are related to aging. One of the
areas affected is the musculoskeletal system. As people age, their joints become less flexible.
Weakening hip and knee joints affect the ability of residents to stand as straight and tall,
which in turn, affects balance and increases the risk of falls. There are other changes in the
musculoskeletal system that increase elderly residents risk for falls and injury. For example,
the elderly lose muscle mass and their bones become more brittle. It is the nurse aide's
responsibility to protect the resident from falls and injury.
One myth about aging is that it causes incontinence. Because the bladder is a muscle, and
muscles become weaker, residents may feel the urge to urinate more frequently. Elderly
residents often feel the urge to go very quickly. It can be frustrating for the resident to depend
on others for help to the bathroom because they can't move as quickly.
A resident who must stay in bed is at risk for developing
A. dementia.
B. arthritis.
C. footdrop.
D. Parkinson's disease. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: C
Rationale: Residents who must stay in bed are less active and are at risk for many health
problems. When a person is lying in bed, the feet tend to point downward, which in that
Page 2 of 80
,position for a long period causes shortening of the muscles in the calf, called "foot drop".
This change becomes a problem when the person is able to walk because the ankle is unable
to flex to the functional position necessary for walking. A footboard helps to prevent this by
keeping the feet in proper alignment. Range of motion (ROM) exercises are also helpful.
Residents who must stay in bed and are less active also at greater risk for health issues such
as pneumonia, pressure ulcers and constipation.
A resident with advance directives has a DNR order. This means that the resident?
A. does not remember.
B. should not be restrained.
C. does not respond to instructions.
D. should not be resuscitated. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: D
Rationale: DNR is the abbreviation for "do not resuscitate." Resuscitations are actions that
are taken to restart the heart when it stops. When a resident directs that he or she does not
want to be resuscitated, this means that when the heart stops beating, the resident does not
want to have measures taken to try to restart the heart, such as performing cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) or use of a defibrillator.
Residents are given the opportunity to complete advance directives. Advance directives
provide information to the staff about the resident's decisions for medical care, when the
resident is no longer able to express those decisions. A DNR order is determined by the
resident and his or her family, and is documented in the resident's medical record and care
plan.
A nurse aide notices that a resident with dementia is walking with a limp on the right foot.
The nurse aide's first response should be to
A. return the resident to bed.
B. provide the resident with a cane.
C. tell the nurse the resident is having foot pain.
D. remove the resident's shoe and inspect the foot. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct
answer: D
Page 3 of 80
, Rationale: When a nurse aide works with residents with dementia, the residents are not
usually able to describe physical problems or be able to explain a need. For example, a
resident may tell a nurse aide that the resident's stomach hurts or be observed rubbing his
stomach as a sign of discomfort, and it could be for many reasons. For example, the resident
may no longer recognize body signals such as a full bladder, hunger, or the sensation for the
need to have a bowel movement, and may instead interpret these signs as stomach
discomfort. It is important that the nurse aide observe the resident closely and try to
understand behavior since the resident is not likely to explain it.
In this question, the resident is limping. There are many reasons that a person might limp. It
could be because of something in the resident's shoe, a sock that has slipped, or a hip or knee
problem. While the nurse aide will need to report observations to the nurse, the nurse aide
should do some basic problem solving, which in this case would be checking the resident's
foot. Checking the foot first will also allow the nurse aide to provide a more complete report
to the nurse.
A resident says she is 5 feet 6 inches tall. When the nurse aide measures the resident's height,
the resident is 5 feet 4 inches. What should the nurse aide do?
A. Record the resident's height as 5 feet 4 inches.
B. Record the resident's height as 5 feet 6 inches.
C. Explain that older people shrink with aging.
D. Measure the resident again. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: D
Rationale: If the nurse aide measures a resident and obtains information that is different from
what the resident says, the nurse aide should check the measurement a second time for
accuracy. While this task may be delegated by the nurse to the nurse aide for completion, the
information obtained must be accurate. It is very easy for a nurse aide or anyone else to make
an error in measuring. The simplest solution to this discrepancy is to repeat the measurement.
Page 4 of 80
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NEWLY MODIFIED 2025/2026 LATEST
UPDATE
Areas of the body where bone lies close to the skin is known as
A. a skin fold.
B. a pressure ulcer.
C. skin breakdown.
D. a pressure point. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: D
Rationale: A pressure point is an area where the bone lies close to the skin. If the resident's
position applies pressure to that area for a prolonged period of time, the tissue on top of the
bone can be harmed by the poor circulation caused by the pressure. Pressure points vary
depending on the resident's position. The nurse aide needs to observe these boney areas
closely whenever a resident's position is changed as the boney areas are at higher risk for skin
breakdown.
A resident has returned from the hospital after a hip replacement. The nurse aide should
expect that the resident will be
A. dependent and need total care.
B. confined to bed for several weeks.
C. going to physical therapy to increase mobility.
D. receiving range of motion (ROM) exercises to hip. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct
answer: C
Rationale: Residents receiving care after a hip fracture usually receive physical therapy to
continue to improve their strengthening and ambulation ability. The resident is not confined
to bed and does not require total care. The nurse aide may be required to assist the resident
with the ADLs as the resident continues rehabilitation with the assistance of physical therapy.
Page 1 of 80
,The nurse aide will need to check the resident's care plan regarding any range of motion
exercises since while the hip is healing some exercises and movements can be harmful. For
example, after hip replacement surgery, residents are not allowed to cross legs or to bend at
the hips more than 90 degrees. The resident may require a positioning device between legs
when being turned in bed.
Which statement is true about the effects of aging?
A. The aging process can be reversed with good health care.
B. Bladder incontinence is a normal part of aging.
C. Joints tend to be less flexible as a person ages.
D. Sensitivity to pain increases with age. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: C
Rationale: The elderly experience a number of changes that are related to aging. One of the
areas affected is the musculoskeletal system. As people age, their joints become less flexible.
Weakening hip and knee joints affect the ability of residents to stand as straight and tall,
which in turn, affects balance and increases the risk of falls. There are other changes in the
musculoskeletal system that increase elderly residents risk for falls and injury. For example,
the elderly lose muscle mass and their bones become more brittle. It is the nurse aide's
responsibility to protect the resident from falls and injury.
One myth about aging is that it causes incontinence. Because the bladder is a muscle, and
muscles become weaker, residents may feel the urge to urinate more frequently. Elderly
residents often feel the urge to go very quickly. It can be frustrating for the resident to depend
on others for help to the bathroom because they can't move as quickly.
A resident who must stay in bed is at risk for developing
A. dementia.
B. arthritis.
C. footdrop.
D. Parkinson's disease. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: C
Rationale: Residents who must stay in bed are less active and are at risk for many health
problems. When a person is lying in bed, the feet tend to point downward, which in that
Page 2 of 80
,position for a long period causes shortening of the muscles in the calf, called "foot drop".
This change becomes a problem when the person is able to walk because the ankle is unable
to flex to the functional position necessary for walking. A footboard helps to prevent this by
keeping the feet in proper alignment. Range of motion (ROM) exercises are also helpful.
Residents who must stay in bed and are less active also at greater risk for health issues such
as pneumonia, pressure ulcers and constipation.
A resident with advance directives has a DNR order. This means that the resident?
A. does not remember.
B. should not be restrained.
C. does not respond to instructions.
D. should not be resuscitated. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: D
Rationale: DNR is the abbreviation for "do not resuscitate." Resuscitations are actions that
are taken to restart the heart when it stops. When a resident directs that he or she does not
want to be resuscitated, this means that when the heart stops beating, the resident does not
want to have measures taken to try to restart the heart, such as performing cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) or use of a defibrillator.
Residents are given the opportunity to complete advance directives. Advance directives
provide information to the staff about the resident's decisions for medical care, when the
resident is no longer able to express those decisions. A DNR order is determined by the
resident and his or her family, and is documented in the resident's medical record and care
plan.
A nurse aide notices that a resident with dementia is walking with a limp on the right foot.
The nurse aide's first response should be to
A. return the resident to bed.
B. provide the resident with a cane.
C. tell the nurse the resident is having foot pain.
D. remove the resident's shoe and inspect the foot. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct
answer: D
Page 3 of 80
, Rationale: When a nurse aide works with residents with dementia, the residents are not
usually able to describe physical problems or be able to explain a need. For example, a
resident may tell a nurse aide that the resident's stomach hurts or be observed rubbing his
stomach as a sign of discomfort, and it could be for many reasons. For example, the resident
may no longer recognize body signals such as a full bladder, hunger, or the sensation for the
need to have a bowel movement, and may instead interpret these signs as stomach
discomfort. It is important that the nurse aide observe the resident closely and try to
understand behavior since the resident is not likely to explain it.
In this question, the resident is limping. There are many reasons that a person might limp. It
could be because of something in the resident's shoe, a sock that has slipped, or a hip or knee
problem. While the nurse aide will need to report observations to the nurse, the nurse aide
should do some basic problem solving, which in this case would be checking the resident's
foot. Checking the foot first will also allow the nurse aide to provide a more complete report
to the nurse.
A resident says she is 5 feet 6 inches tall. When the nurse aide measures the resident's height,
the resident is 5 feet 4 inches. What should the nurse aide do?
A. Record the resident's height as 5 feet 4 inches.
B. Record the resident's height as 5 feet 6 inches.
C. Explain that older people shrink with aging.
D. Measure the resident again. --CORRECT ANSWER--correct answer: D
Rationale: If the nurse aide measures a resident and obtains information that is different from
what the resident says, the nurse aide should check the measurement a second time for
accuracy. While this task may be delegated by the nurse to the nurse aide for completion, the
information obtained must be accurate. It is very easy for a nurse aide or anyone else to make
an error in measuring. The simplest solution to this discrepancy is to repeat the measurement.
Page 4 of 80
