ASU MIC 205 PENTON EXAM 1 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
What determines whether channel proteins are open or closed? - ANSWER-
They can be open all the time or gated, it opens or closes when it gets a
signal like a physical pressure or electrical voltage
What is the function of open channel proteins? - ANSWER-When open,
they allow rapid movement of substances down their concentration
gradient through facilitated diffusion.
How do carrier proteins operate? - ANSWER-Carrier proteins bind to
specific molecules then they change shape to fit through the channel and
gets dropped off inside
What are aquaporins? - ANSWER-Aquaporins are water channels through
which water molecules move through the plasma membrane during
osmosis.
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion is a passive
transport process that uses specific transport proteins to help move larger
or polar molecules across the membrane.
How does glucose enter cells? - ANSWER-Glucose enters cells via specific
transporter proteins (GLUT transporters) because glucose is too large and
polar to pass through the membrane directly.
,What is active transport? - ANSWER-A method that requires energy (usually
from ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient, from an
area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in active transport? -
ANSWER-It actively transports sodium ions (Na⁺) out of the cell and
potassium ions (K⁺) into the cell against their concentration gradients, using
ATP for energy.
what are the 2 types of active transport - ANSWER-endocytosis and
exocytosis
Endocytosis and Exocytosis: - ANSWER-In endocytosis, the cell membrane
engulfs material to bring it inside the cell, while exocytosis involves vesicles
fusing with the membrane to release materials outside the cell.
Endocytosis example - ANSWER-Phagocytosis, where immune cells like
macrophages engulf bacteria or debris by wrapping the cell membrane
around them and forming a vesicle.
Exocytosis - ANSWER-Neurotransmitters are released from nerve cells into
the synaptic cleft when vesicles containing these signaling molecules fuse
with the plasma membrane.
why do bacteria have to move molecules across the membrane - ANSWER-
Nutrient uptake, waste removal, signal reception, Homeostasis, Energy
production
,What are the different transport proteins? - ANSWER-Channel Proteins,
Carrier Proteins:, Pump Proteins, Symporters, Antiporters
How do channel proteins operate? - ANSWER-They form water-filled pores
that allow specific ions or small molecules to pass through.
What happens to carrier proteins after binding a molecule? - ANSWER-The
protein changes shape (conformational change), allowing the molecule to
be released on the other side of the membrane.
What are the two types of processes involving carrier proteins? - ANSWER-
The process can be passive (facilitated diffusion) or active (requiring
energy).
How do pump proteins operate? - ANSWER-Pump proteins actively
transport ions or molecules against their concentration gradient.
What provides energy for pump proteins to function? - ANSWER-Pump
proteins use energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport ions or molecules.
Can you give an example of a pump protein? - ANSWER-An example is the
sodium-potassium pump, which moves Na⁺ out and K⁺ in.
, how do Symporters operate - ANSWER-type of carrier protein (for example
you drive 2 different friends (glucose, and sodium) to the store. It takes 2
different things at once to the same place at the cell time (into the cell)
how do Antiporters: operate - ANSWER-Type of carrier protein (for example
its like a se saw when one friend goes up the other goes down against their
concentration gradient) Uses energy to keep everything balanced
What is the main function of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER-The
plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of
the cell.
How does the plasma membrane maintain homeostasis? - ANSWER-by
controlling what enters and exits the cell, using both passive and active
transport.
How do bacteria reproduce? How is the cytoskeleton involved in this
process? - ANSWER-Bacteria reproduce primarily through binary fission,
where one cell divides into two identical cells. The cytoskeleton aids in this
process by helping to organize the cell's structure, ensuring proper division
and separation of genetic material.
What is the implication of bacteria not having a nucleus while eukaryotes
do, in terms of transcription and translation? - ANSWER-Bacteria don't have
a nucleus, so they can make RNA and proteins right next to each other in
the cytoplasm at the same time
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
What determines whether channel proteins are open or closed? - ANSWER-
They can be open all the time or gated, it opens or closes when it gets a
signal like a physical pressure or electrical voltage
What is the function of open channel proteins? - ANSWER-When open,
they allow rapid movement of substances down their concentration
gradient through facilitated diffusion.
How do carrier proteins operate? - ANSWER-Carrier proteins bind to
specific molecules then they change shape to fit through the channel and
gets dropped off inside
What are aquaporins? - ANSWER-Aquaporins are water channels through
which water molecules move through the plasma membrane during
osmosis.
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion is a passive
transport process that uses specific transport proteins to help move larger
or polar molecules across the membrane.
How does glucose enter cells? - ANSWER-Glucose enters cells via specific
transporter proteins (GLUT transporters) because glucose is too large and
polar to pass through the membrane directly.
,What is active transport? - ANSWER-A method that requires energy (usually
from ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient, from an
area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in active transport? -
ANSWER-It actively transports sodium ions (Na⁺) out of the cell and
potassium ions (K⁺) into the cell against their concentration gradients, using
ATP for energy.
what are the 2 types of active transport - ANSWER-endocytosis and
exocytosis
Endocytosis and Exocytosis: - ANSWER-In endocytosis, the cell membrane
engulfs material to bring it inside the cell, while exocytosis involves vesicles
fusing with the membrane to release materials outside the cell.
Endocytosis example - ANSWER-Phagocytosis, where immune cells like
macrophages engulf bacteria or debris by wrapping the cell membrane
around them and forming a vesicle.
Exocytosis - ANSWER-Neurotransmitters are released from nerve cells into
the synaptic cleft when vesicles containing these signaling molecules fuse
with the plasma membrane.
why do bacteria have to move molecules across the membrane - ANSWER-
Nutrient uptake, waste removal, signal reception, Homeostasis, Energy
production
,What are the different transport proteins? - ANSWER-Channel Proteins,
Carrier Proteins:, Pump Proteins, Symporters, Antiporters
How do channel proteins operate? - ANSWER-They form water-filled pores
that allow specific ions or small molecules to pass through.
What happens to carrier proteins after binding a molecule? - ANSWER-The
protein changes shape (conformational change), allowing the molecule to
be released on the other side of the membrane.
What are the two types of processes involving carrier proteins? - ANSWER-
The process can be passive (facilitated diffusion) or active (requiring
energy).
How do pump proteins operate? - ANSWER-Pump proteins actively
transport ions or molecules against their concentration gradient.
What provides energy for pump proteins to function? - ANSWER-Pump
proteins use energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport ions or molecules.
Can you give an example of a pump protein? - ANSWER-An example is the
sodium-potassium pump, which moves Na⁺ out and K⁺ in.
, how do Symporters operate - ANSWER-type of carrier protein (for example
you drive 2 different friends (glucose, and sodium) to the store. It takes 2
different things at once to the same place at the cell time (into the cell)
how do Antiporters: operate - ANSWER-Type of carrier protein (for example
its like a se saw when one friend goes up the other goes down against their
concentration gradient) Uses energy to keep everything balanced
What is the main function of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER-The
plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of
the cell.
How does the plasma membrane maintain homeostasis? - ANSWER-by
controlling what enters and exits the cell, using both passive and active
transport.
How do bacteria reproduce? How is the cytoskeleton involved in this
process? - ANSWER-Bacteria reproduce primarily through binary fission,
where one cell divides into two identical cells. The cytoskeleton aids in this
process by helping to organize the cell's structure, ensuring proper division
and separation of genetic material.
What is the implication of bacteria not having a nucleus while eukaryotes
do, in terms of transcription and translation? - ANSWER-Bacteria don't have
a nucleus, so they can make RNA and proteins right next to each other in
the cytoplasm at the same time
