NR601 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
1. What are the 3 primary physiological 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body
sys-
changes of aging? tems, esp. cardiac, resp, renal.
2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to
ad- just regulatory systems (i.e. temp control,
fluid/lyte balance, etc.).
3. Impaired immunological function (infection
risk is greater, autoimmune dz's more prevalent)
2. What is the preferred amount
30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise.
of ex- ercise for elderly?
trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
3. What are PFTs? Group of tests that provide quantifiable measure-
ment of lung function, used to dx resp
abnormalities or assess progression/resolution of
lung dz.
4. What is FEV1? Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)
5. What is FVC? Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
6. What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? <0.7 (70%)
7. What is GOLD 1 criteria? Mild
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
8. What is GOLD 2 criteria? Moderate
FEV1 50-79% predicted
9. What is GOLD 3 criteria? Severe
FEV1 30-49% predicted
,NR601 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
10. What is GOLD 4 criteria?
,NR601 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
Very severe
FEV1 <30% predicted
11. What are the signal Dyspnea
symptoms of COPD? Chronic cough w/sputum Decreased
activity tolerance Wheezing
12. What are characteristics of COPD? Common, preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
Usually progressive, associated with enhanced
chronic inflammatory response in airways and lungs
to noxious particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation,
increased airway resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
13. What are risk factors for COPD? Smoking (increasing w/number of pack years)
Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, min-
eral dust)
14. What is seen on phys exam in COPD? May be normal in early states
As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, de-
creased breath sounds, wheezes at bases, distant
heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds
ott in distance), accessory muscle use, pursed lip
breathing, increased expiratory phase, neck vein dis-
tention.
, NR601 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52eofx
15. How is COPD diagnosed? Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post bron-
chodilator).
Irreversible airflow limitation is hallmark.
16. How is COPD treated? Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short), anti-
cholinergics (long/short), or combo.
17. What is the MOA of beta agonists? Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors, increasin
cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing airways.
18. What is the MOA of anticholinergics? Block the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic typ
3
receptors, resulting in bronchodilation.
19. Why are long-acting beta They are for moderate airflow limitation.
agonists prescribed for COPD?
They relieve symptoms, increase exercise tolerance,
reduce number of exacerbations, improve QOL.
20. What are some non CHF
pulmonary di- agnoses that Hyperventilation syndrome
result in COPD-type Panic attacks
symptoms? Vocal cord dysfunction
Obstructive sleep apnea
Aspergillosis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Wheezing
21. What are signal symptoms of Shortness of
asth- ma? breath
Cough (esp at night)
Chest tightness
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
1. What are the 3 primary physiological 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body
sys-
changes of aging? tems, esp. cardiac, resp, renal.
2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to
ad- just regulatory systems (i.e. temp control,
fluid/lyte balance, etc.).
3. Impaired immunological function (infection
risk is greater, autoimmune dz's more prevalent)
2. What is the preferred amount
30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise.
of ex- ercise for elderly?
trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
3. What are PFTs? Group of tests that provide quantifiable measure-
ment of lung function, used to dx resp
abnormalities or assess progression/resolution of
lung dz.
4. What is FEV1? Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)
5. What is FVC? Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
6. What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? <0.7 (70%)
7. What is GOLD 1 criteria? Mild
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
8. What is GOLD 2 criteria? Moderate
FEV1 50-79% predicted
9. What is GOLD 3 criteria? Severe
FEV1 30-49% predicted
,NR601 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
10. What is GOLD 4 criteria?
,NR601 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
Very severe
FEV1 <30% predicted
11. What are the signal Dyspnea
symptoms of COPD? Chronic cough w/sputum Decreased
activity tolerance Wheezing
12. What are characteristics of COPD? Common, preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
Usually progressive, associated with enhanced
chronic inflammatory response in airways and lungs
to noxious particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation,
increased airway resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
13. What are risk factors for COPD? Smoking (increasing w/number of pack years)
Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, min-
eral dust)
14. What is seen on phys exam in COPD? May be normal in early states
As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, de-
creased breath sounds, wheezes at bases, distant
heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds
ott in distance), accessory muscle use, pursed lip
breathing, increased expiratory phase, neck vein dis-
tention.
, NR601 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_52eofx
15. How is COPD diagnosed? Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post bron-
chodilator).
Irreversible airflow limitation is hallmark.
16. How is COPD treated? Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short), anti-
cholinergics (long/short), or combo.
17. What is the MOA of beta agonists? Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors, increasin
cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing airways.
18. What is the MOA of anticholinergics? Block the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic typ
3
receptors, resulting in bronchodilation.
19. Why are long-acting beta They are for moderate airflow limitation.
agonists prescribed for COPD?
They relieve symptoms, increase exercise tolerance,
reduce number of exacerbations, improve QOL.
20. What are some non CHF
pulmonary di- agnoses that Hyperventilation syndrome
result in COPD-type Panic attacks
symptoms? Vocal cord dysfunction
Obstructive sleep apnea
Aspergillosis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Wheezing
21. What are signal symptoms of Shortness of
asth- ma? breath
Cough (esp at night)
Chest tightness
