COG SCI C100 MIDTERM 1 EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 - 2026
Our beliefs and expectations influence our own behavior -
ANSWERS-Study by Mark Snyder found that when a man
was led to believe that a woman found him attractive, she
was more likely to act as if she did
perceptual constancy - ANSWERS-perceiving objects as
unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and
size) even as illumination and retinal images change
•Many visual illusions result from the overuse of strategies
employed to achieve perceptual constancy
shape constancy - ANSWERS-we perceive the form of
familiar objects as constant even while our retinal images of
them change
,• A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our
retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular
Lightness Constancy - ANSWERS-we perceive an object as
having a constant color, even if changing illumination alters
the wavelengths reflected by the object.
Size-distance constancy - ANSWERS-we perceive an object
as the same size when it is far away as when it is near
though the image on the retina is smaller
Muller-Lyerillusion: Is line AB or line BC longer?
Template Matching Model - ANSWERS-Object perception
involves a comparison of the stimulus with a set of
templates or specific patterns stored in memory.
Problem w/ this model:
cannot account for complexity and flexibility of object
recognition (e.g individual differences in handwriting)
,Feature-analysis model - ANSWERS-Discrimination of
objects is based on a small number of characteristics of
stimuli
e.g People are faster at deciding whether the letters "G" and
"M" are different than letters "P" and "R"
Supported by neurological evidence - some neurons
respond only to horizontal lines, others to diagonals, etc.
Problem w/ this model:
Cannot explain recognition of complex objects with features
that move/distort (e.g horse/kangaroo)
recognition by components model - ANSWERS-View that an
object is represented as an arrangement of simple 3-D
shapes called geons.
-Cup/pail composed of cylinder and curved tube geons in a
particular arrangement
Prototype Model - ANSWERS-Object perception involves a
comparison of the stimulus with an ideal, abstract example
, - people are faster at identifying a sparrow as a bird than
penguin
- one of the most famous models in all of cognitive
psychology
-it has been hypothesized that our sensory systems act
primarily as a selective filtering mechanism
- But prototype theory suggests that our minds can also
perceive objects in a very different way...
-that which is essential is invisible to the eye
Selective Filtering Mechanism (Baseline of the Prototype
Model) - ANSWERS-- This filter sorts things according to a
limited number of variables (e.g warm, unpleasant, green)
out of which we construct our world
Mindfulness - ANSWERS-An alternative mode of perception.
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 - 2026
Our beliefs and expectations influence our own behavior -
ANSWERS-Study by Mark Snyder found that when a man
was led to believe that a woman found him attractive, she
was more likely to act as if she did
perceptual constancy - ANSWERS-perceiving objects as
unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and
size) even as illumination and retinal images change
•Many visual illusions result from the overuse of strategies
employed to achieve perceptual constancy
shape constancy - ANSWERS-we perceive the form of
familiar objects as constant even while our retinal images of
them change
,• A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our
retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular
Lightness Constancy - ANSWERS-we perceive an object as
having a constant color, even if changing illumination alters
the wavelengths reflected by the object.
Size-distance constancy - ANSWERS-we perceive an object
as the same size when it is far away as when it is near
though the image on the retina is smaller
Muller-Lyerillusion: Is line AB or line BC longer?
Template Matching Model - ANSWERS-Object perception
involves a comparison of the stimulus with a set of
templates or specific patterns stored in memory.
Problem w/ this model:
cannot account for complexity and flexibility of object
recognition (e.g individual differences in handwriting)
,Feature-analysis model - ANSWERS-Discrimination of
objects is based on a small number of characteristics of
stimuli
e.g People are faster at deciding whether the letters "G" and
"M" are different than letters "P" and "R"
Supported by neurological evidence - some neurons
respond only to horizontal lines, others to diagonals, etc.
Problem w/ this model:
Cannot explain recognition of complex objects with features
that move/distort (e.g horse/kangaroo)
recognition by components model - ANSWERS-View that an
object is represented as an arrangement of simple 3-D
shapes called geons.
-Cup/pail composed of cylinder and curved tube geons in a
particular arrangement
Prototype Model - ANSWERS-Object perception involves a
comparison of the stimulus with an ideal, abstract example
, - people are faster at identifying a sparrow as a bird than
penguin
- one of the most famous models in all of cognitive
psychology
-it has been hypothesized that our sensory systems act
primarily as a selective filtering mechanism
- But prototype theory suggests that our minds can also
perceive objects in a very different way...
-that which is essential is invisible to the eye
Selective Filtering Mechanism (Baseline of the Prototype
Model) - ANSWERS-- This filter sorts things according to a
limited number of variables (e.g warm, unpleasant, green)
out of which we construct our world
Mindfulness - ANSWERS-An alternative mode of perception.
