1|Page
NUR 445 EXAM 1 NEWEST 2025/ 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+/ARIZONA COLLEGE OF
NURSING||LATEST EXAM!!!
What medication is used to decrease ICP? - Answer-
Mannitol
-osmotic diuretic
-reduces ICP by inducing diuresis (creates an osmotic
gradient across the blood-brain barrier [BBB] and
increased serum osmolality -> pulls fluid out of brain cells
and shifts it into the intravascular compartment)
What medication would you plan on administering to a
patient who is experiencing bradycardia or heart block? -
Answer-Atropine
-administer over 1 minute
-therapeutic effect desired = increased HR
-rapid administration may be used during cardiac
resuscitation (follow with 20 mL saline flush)
,2|Page
A patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis enters the
ED. What medication is used to treat this emergent
situation? - Answer-Nitroprusside
-arteriole vasodilator
-rapidly lowers BP
-decreases preload and afterload
What is clonidine used for? - Answer-lowering of BP
Nitroprusside is the preferred agent if BP needs to be
lowered quickly
What medication prevents the absorption of ammonia from
the GI tract in order to treat hepatic encephalopathy? -
Answer-Lactulose
-expect more frequent bowel movements
-should see clearing of confusion, apathy, and irritation
and improved mental status (24-48 hours after oral
administration)
Under what condition would you administer tPA? - Answer-
patient that is suffering from an ischemic stroke
, 3|Page
What is mutual support? - Answer-assisting others
providing feedback
advocacy behaviors when patient safety is threatened
What is the difference between formal and informal
feedback? - Answer-Formal should be retrospective and
scheduled in advance
Informal occurs in real time and includes huddles/debriefs
Explain the phenomenon of alarm fatigue - Answer-
Frequency of alarms becomes overwhelming, resulting in
delayed response to alarms and deliberate alarm
deactivation which may impact patient safety
What is the purpose of palliative care? - Answer-nursing
and medical treatments are combined with control of pain
and symptoms
NUR 445 EXAM 1 NEWEST 2025/ 2026 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+/ARIZONA COLLEGE OF
NURSING||LATEST EXAM!!!
What medication is used to decrease ICP? - Answer-
Mannitol
-osmotic diuretic
-reduces ICP by inducing diuresis (creates an osmotic
gradient across the blood-brain barrier [BBB] and
increased serum osmolality -> pulls fluid out of brain cells
and shifts it into the intravascular compartment)
What medication would you plan on administering to a
patient who is experiencing bradycardia or heart block? -
Answer-Atropine
-administer over 1 minute
-therapeutic effect desired = increased HR
-rapid administration may be used during cardiac
resuscitation (follow with 20 mL saline flush)
,2|Page
A patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis enters the
ED. What medication is used to treat this emergent
situation? - Answer-Nitroprusside
-arteriole vasodilator
-rapidly lowers BP
-decreases preload and afterload
What is clonidine used for? - Answer-lowering of BP
Nitroprusside is the preferred agent if BP needs to be
lowered quickly
What medication prevents the absorption of ammonia from
the GI tract in order to treat hepatic encephalopathy? -
Answer-Lactulose
-expect more frequent bowel movements
-should see clearing of confusion, apathy, and irritation
and improved mental status (24-48 hours after oral
administration)
Under what condition would you administer tPA? - Answer-
patient that is suffering from an ischemic stroke
, 3|Page
What is mutual support? - Answer-assisting others
providing feedback
advocacy behaviors when patient safety is threatened
What is the difference between formal and informal
feedback? - Answer-Formal should be retrospective and
scheduled in advance
Informal occurs in real time and includes huddles/debriefs
Explain the phenomenon of alarm fatigue - Answer-
Frequency of alarms becomes overwhelming, resulting in
delayed response to alarms and deliberate alarm
deactivation which may impact patient safety
What is the purpose of palliative care? - Answer-nursing
and medical treatments are combined with control of pain
and symptoms
