Page 1 of 40
NURSING 342 EXAM 1 LATEST EXAM 250+
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) 2025/2026
Internal criticism in historical research refers to
......ANSWER........Identifying possible biases, which threaten the
accuracy of what was said
Which type of qualitative research method was used by the
theorist Benner in her study of nursing practice?
......ANSWER........Phenomenological
Which type of qualitative research method was used by the
theorist Leinger in her study of nursing practice?
......ANSWER........Ethnographic
Which type of qualitative research was used by Fagerhaugh and
Strauss in their study of pain management?
......ANSWER........Grounded theory
The reliability and validity of historical research are based on
which of the following concerns? ......ANSWER........the reliability
of the primary data source
Which of the following statements describes the special
relationship between the participants and the researcher in
qualitative research? ......ANSWER........the participants are
considered to be colleagues
A research problem is ......ANSWER........an area of concern or
situation in need of a solution
,Page 2 of 40
Research problems occur when there are gaps in knowledge
about how to address a significant clinical problem. Which of the
following would indicate that current knowledge is insufficient
and that additional study of a clinical problem is needed?
......ANSWER........Little is known about the variables, findings of
previous studies have been inconclusive and/or conflicting, and
ethnic minority and women subjects have not been included in
many states
Which of the following statements correctly describes the
research problem and purpose of the study in a quantitative
study? ......ANSWER........the purpose statement is very specific
about what will be studied, whereas the problem statement is
more abstract
The focus of significant research problems and purposes are
......ANSWER........addressing research priorities in nursing,
building on previous research, potential impact on clinical
practice
Which of the following most accurately describes the focus of
outcomes research? ......ANSWER........comparing and contrasting
groups on selected preexisting variables
As the researcher develops the research problem and purposes
of the study, he or she must take into consideration the feasibility
of the study. Which of the following statements best describes
the concept of feasibility? ......ANSWER........It is an evaluation of
whether the researcher has the ability and resources (e.g.
facilities, time, potential subjects) and ethical protections for
participants to carry out the study as proposed
,Page 3 of 40
A researcher identified modifiable risk factors that had an
impact on smoking. If you wanted to do an approximate
replication of that study, could you change the operational
definition of the concept of "smoking"? ......ANSWER........Yes, but
the new operationalization would need to be similar to the
conceptual definition
The purpose statement of a qualitative study is expected to
identify ......ANSWER........the focus of the investigation (e.g. an
event, a phenomenon, a culture)
Which of the following statements about clarifying and refining a
research problem is true? ......ANSWER........several alternative
problems should be evaluated before one is selected for study
In some studies, researchers make a formal statement of the
expected relationship between two or more variables in a
specified population. This formal statement is a
......ANSWER........Research hypothesis
Research hypotheses may be classified as either associative or
casual. Which of the following is a characteristic of associative
research hypothesis? ......ANSWER........It identifies variables that
vary or change together in an identified population
Research hypotheses also may be classified in terms of being
simple or complex. Which of the following statements correctly
describes a study designed to test a simple hypothesis?
......ANSWER........Two variables are included in the hypothesis to
be addressed
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The directional hypothesis for a study is
......ANSWER........Substantive theory and/or previous research
Adults using guided-imagery relaxation have a lower heart rate,
blood pressure, and perceived anxiety level that adults not using
a relaxation technique. Which of the following set of
characteristics best describes this hypothesis?
......ANSWER........Complex, casual, research hypothesis
Research studies include both a research hypothesis, which states
what the researcher thinks will be found, and a null hypothesis is
true? ......ANSWER........The null hypothesis states that no
interaction occurs between variables or that no relationship exists
among the variables being studied
Which of the following states the primary characteristic(s) of
variables that separate them from concepts?
......ANSWER........Values of variables must be able to be
measured or manipulated, and the values must vary among the
objects, people, or situations in the study
In a study examining cause-and-effect interactions, the cause
portion of the interaction is represented by the
......ANSWER........Independent variable
Demographic variables are attributes of subjects that are
collected to allow the researcher to ......ANSWER........develop a
description or profile of the sample
What is the independent variable in the following hypothesis?
Adults using guided-imagery relaxation have a lower heart rate,
blood pressure, and perceived anxiety level than those in adults
NURSING 342 EXAM 1 LATEST EXAM 250+
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) 2025/2026
Internal criticism in historical research refers to
......ANSWER........Identifying possible biases, which threaten the
accuracy of what was said
Which type of qualitative research method was used by the
theorist Benner in her study of nursing practice?
......ANSWER........Phenomenological
Which type of qualitative research method was used by the
theorist Leinger in her study of nursing practice?
......ANSWER........Ethnographic
Which type of qualitative research was used by Fagerhaugh and
Strauss in their study of pain management?
......ANSWER........Grounded theory
The reliability and validity of historical research are based on
which of the following concerns? ......ANSWER........the reliability
of the primary data source
Which of the following statements describes the special
relationship between the participants and the researcher in
qualitative research? ......ANSWER........the participants are
considered to be colleagues
A research problem is ......ANSWER........an area of concern or
situation in need of a solution
,Page 2 of 40
Research problems occur when there are gaps in knowledge
about how to address a significant clinical problem. Which of the
following would indicate that current knowledge is insufficient
and that additional study of a clinical problem is needed?
......ANSWER........Little is known about the variables, findings of
previous studies have been inconclusive and/or conflicting, and
ethnic minority and women subjects have not been included in
many states
Which of the following statements correctly describes the
research problem and purpose of the study in a quantitative
study? ......ANSWER........the purpose statement is very specific
about what will be studied, whereas the problem statement is
more abstract
The focus of significant research problems and purposes are
......ANSWER........addressing research priorities in nursing,
building on previous research, potential impact on clinical
practice
Which of the following most accurately describes the focus of
outcomes research? ......ANSWER........comparing and contrasting
groups on selected preexisting variables
As the researcher develops the research problem and purposes
of the study, he or she must take into consideration the feasibility
of the study. Which of the following statements best describes
the concept of feasibility? ......ANSWER........It is an evaluation of
whether the researcher has the ability and resources (e.g.
facilities, time, potential subjects) and ethical protections for
participants to carry out the study as proposed
,Page 3 of 40
A researcher identified modifiable risk factors that had an
impact on smoking. If you wanted to do an approximate
replication of that study, could you change the operational
definition of the concept of "smoking"? ......ANSWER........Yes, but
the new operationalization would need to be similar to the
conceptual definition
The purpose statement of a qualitative study is expected to
identify ......ANSWER........the focus of the investigation (e.g. an
event, a phenomenon, a culture)
Which of the following statements about clarifying and refining a
research problem is true? ......ANSWER........several alternative
problems should be evaluated before one is selected for study
In some studies, researchers make a formal statement of the
expected relationship between two or more variables in a
specified population. This formal statement is a
......ANSWER........Research hypothesis
Research hypotheses may be classified as either associative or
casual. Which of the following is a characteristic of associative
research hypothesis? ......ANSWER........It identifies variables that
vary or change together in an identified population
Research hypotheses also may be classified in terms of being
simple or complex. Which of the following statements correctly
describes a study designed to test a simple hypothesis?
......ANSWER........Two variables are included in the hypothesis to
be addressed
, Page 4 of 40
The directional hypothesis for a study is
......ANSWER........Substantive theory and/or previous research
Adults using guided-imagery relaxation have a lower heart rate,
blood pressure, and perceived anxiety level that adults not using
a relaxation technique. Which of the following set of
characteristics best describes this hypothesis?
......ANSWER........Complex, casual, research hypothesis
Research studies include both a research hypothesis, which states
what the researcher thinks will be found, and a null hypothesis is
true? ......ANSWER........The null hypothesis states that no
interaction occurs between variables or that no relationship exists
among the variables being studied
Which of the following states the primary characteristic(s) of
variables that separate them from concepts?
......ANSWER........Values of variables must be able to be
measured or manipulated, and the values must vary among the
objects, people, or situations in the study
In a study examining cause-and-effect interactions, the cause
portion of the interaction is represented by the
......ANSWER........Independent variable
Demographic variables are attributes of subjects that are
collected to allow the researcher to ......ANSWER........develop a
description or profile of the sample
What is the independent variable in the following hypothesis?
Adults using guided-imagery relaxation have a lower heart rate,
blood pressure, and perceived anxiety level than those in adults
