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For its anticoagulation effects, heparin binds:
a. Protein C
b. Protein S
c. Anti-thrombin III
d. Factor VII --ANSWER--(c)
ATIII (heparin-ATIII complex binds thrombin, factor IX, factor X, and factor
XI)
7 days after a kidney transplant, your patient develops severe acute rejection
with vasculitis on biopsy. You decide to start the monoclonal antibody OKT3.
Monoclonal antibodies:
a. Bind 1 epitope at one site
b. Bind 1 epitope at multiple sites
c. Bind multiple epitopes on a single antigen
d. Bind multiple epitopes on multiple antigens --ANSWER--(a)
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,They bind one epitope at the exact same binding site
You start coumadin on a patient with a pulmonary embolus. Three days later, he
starts sloughing off skin across his arms and legs. All of the following are true
of this patients most likely condition except:
a. This likely would have been prevented by starting heparin before coumadin
b. Patients with protein C deficiency are more susceptible to this problem
c. The skin sloughing is caused by skin necrosis
d. This is likely due to hemophilia A --ANSWER--(d)
Coumadin-induced skin necrosis occurs in patients started on coumadin without
being given heparin first. It results from a relatively hypercoagulable state that
can occur in some individuals because of the shorter half-life of protein C & S
compared to factors II, VII, IX, and X. Protein C & S ↓ after coumadin before
the other factors ↓, resulting in a relatively hypercoagulable state.
While performing a LAR for colon cancer in a patient on chronic dialysis, you
notice a significant amount of bloody oozing from your dissection plane. All of
the following are true of uremic induced platelet dysfunction except:
a. Down regulates GpIb
b. Down regulates GpIIb/IIIa
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,c. Stimulates von Willebrand's factor release
d. Treatment of choice is dialysis --ANSWER--(c)
Uremia downregulates GpIb, GpIIb/IIIa, and vWF
Dialysis is the initial treatment of choice for uremic coagulopathy. Other
therapeutic options include DDAVP and conjugated estrogens (which stimulate
the release of factor VIII and vWF).
The most common blood transfusion reaction is:
a. Clerical error leading to ABO incompatibility
b. Transfusion related ALI
c. Delayed hemolysis from reaction to minor antigens
d. Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction --ANSWER--(d)
Occurs from WBCs in the donor blood
Clerical error leading to ABO incompatibility is the most common transfusion
reaction leading to DEATH
Prevention of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction in patients requiring
blood involves:
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, a. Heating blood to destroy the WBCs
b. Prophylactic antibiotics
c. NSAIDs
d. Leukocyte filter --ANSWER--(d)
2 weeks after a whipple operation, your patient continues to have early satiety
with oral intake. You decide to start metoglopramide (Reglan) and
erythromycin. What receptor does erythromycin bind to increase
gastrointestinal motility? --ANSWER--Motilin (found primarily in the stomach,
duodenum, and colon)
Proteins are synthesized from:
a. mRNA
b. tRNA
c. dsDNA
d. ssDNA --ANSWER--mRNA
1 week after an APR, our patient develops urosepsis requiring volume
resuscitation, antibiotics, and moderate amounts of levophed and vasopressin.
E. coli grows out from the blood cultures. What portion of the
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