Ultimate Anatomy & Physiology Mega Flashcard Deck: Complete Study Guide for Mader’s
Understanding Human Anatomy & Physiology, 10th Edition (Longenbaker)
Chapter 1: Organization of the Body (50+)
Q1: What is anatomy?
A1: The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
Q2: What is physiology?
A2: The study of the functions of the body and how the parts work.
Q3: What are the six levels of structural organization in the human body?
A3: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
Q4: Define the chemical level of organization.
PR
A4: The simplest level, involving atoms and molecules.
Q5: What are cells?
A5: The basic structural and functional units of life.
Q6: What is tissue?
O
A6: A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
Q7: Give two examples of organ systems.
FD
A7: Digestive system, circulatory system.
Q8: What is homeostasis?
A8: The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
O
Q9: Why is homeostasis important?
A9: It ensures proper functioning of cells and survival of the organism.
C
Q10: What is a negative feedback mechanism?
A10: A control system that reverses a change to maintain balance (e.g., body temperature
regulation).
Q11: Give an example of negative feedback.
A11: Sweating to reduce body temperature when overheated.
Q12: What is a positive feedback mechanism?
A12: A system that intensifies a change (e.g., blood clotting, childbirth contractions).
Q13: What are the major body cavities?
A13: Dorsal and ventral cavities.
,Q14: What cavities are in the dorsal body cavity?
A14: Cranial cavity and vertebral (spinal) cavity.
Q15: What cavities are in the ventral body cavity?
A15: Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity.
Q16: What organ does the cranial cavity contain?
A16: The brain.
Q17: What organ does the vertebral cavity contain?
A17: The spinal cord.
Q18: What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
A18: The diaphragm.
PR
Q19: What organs are found in the thoracic cavity?
A19: Lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus.
Q20: What organs are found in the abdominal cavity?
A20: Stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, spleen, kidneys.
O
Q21: What organs are found in the pelvic cavity?
A21: Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.
FD
Q22: What are serous membranes?
A22: Thin membranes lining cavities and covering organs.
Q23: Name the serous membrane covering the lungs.
A23: Pleura.
O
Q24: Name the serous membrane covering the heart.
A24: Pericardium.
C
Q25: Name the serous membrane covering the abdominal organs.
A25: Peritoneum.
Q26: Define anatomical position.
A26: Body erect, feet parallel, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
Q27: Why is anatomical position important?
A27: Provides a standard reference for anatomical terminology.
Q28: What does superior mean in anatomical terms?
A28: Toward the head or upper part of the body.
,Q29: What does inferior mean?
A29: Away from the head; toward the lower part of the body.
Q30: What does anterior (ventral) mean?
A30: Toward the front of the body.
Q31: What does posterior (dorsal) mean?
A31: Toward the back of the body.
Q32: What does medial mean?
A32: Toward the midline of the body.
Q33: What does lateral mean?
A33: Away from the midline of the body.
PR
Q34: What does proximal mean?
A34: Closer to the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
Q35: What does distal mean?
A35: Farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
O
Q36: What does superficial mean?
A36: Toward or at the body surface.
FD
Q37: What does deep mean?
A37: Away from the body surface; more internal.
Q38: What are the three major body planes?
A38: Sagittal, frontal, transverse.
O
Q39: What is a sagittal plane?
A39: Divides the body into right and left parts.
C
Q40: What is a midsagittal plane?
A40: Divides the body into equal right and left halves.
Q41: What is a frontal (coronal) plane?
A41: Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Q42: What is a transverse (horizontal) plane?
A42: Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Q43: What is the smallest unit of life?
A43: The cell.
, Q44: What is metabolism?
A44: All chemical reactions that occur within the body.
Q45: What is catabolism?
A45: The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
Q46: What is anabolism?
A46: The building of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
Q47: What are the survival needs of the human body?
A47: Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure.
Q48: What is meant by physiology being “integrative”?
A48: Body systems work together; one system affects others.
PR
Q49: What is the difference between gross and microscopic anatomy?
A49: Gross anatomy studies large structures visible to the naked eye; microscopic anatomy
studies cells and tissues.
Q50: What is pathology?
O
A50: The study of disease and functional changes caused by it.
Q51: What is the anatomical term for the arm?
FD
A51: Brachial.
Q52: What is the anatomical term for the thigh?
A52: Femoral.
Q53: What is the anatomical term for the chest?
O
A53: Thoracic.
Q54: What is the anatomical term for the head?
C
A54: Cephalic.
Q55: What is the anatomical term for the foot sole?
A55: Plantar.
Q56: What is the anatomical term for the palm?
A56: Palmar.
Q57: Which organ system protects and supports body organs?
A57: Skeletal system.
Q58: Which organ system forms the body’s control system?
A58: Nervous system.
Understanding Human Anatomy & Physiology, 10th Edition (Longenbaker)
Chapter 1: Organization of the Body (50+)
Q1: What is anatomy?
A1: The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
Q2: What is physiology?
A2: The study of the functions of the body and how the parts work.
Q3: What are the six levels of structural organization in the human body?
A3: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
Q4: Define the chemical level of organization.
PR
A4: The simplest level, involving atoms and molecules.
Q5: What are cells?
A5: The basic structural and functional units of life.
Q6: What is tissue?
O
A6: A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
Q7: Give two examples of organ systems.
FD
A7: Digestive system, circulatory system.
Q8: What is homeostasis?
A8: The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
O
Q9: Why is homeostasis important?
A9: It ensures proper functioning of cells and survival of the organism.
C
Q10: What is a negative feedback mechanism?
A10: A control system that reverses a change to maintain balance (e.g., body temperature
regulation).
Q11: Give an example of negative feedback.
A11: Sweating to reduce body temperature when overheated.
Q12: What is a positive feedback mechanism?
A12: A system that intensifies a change (e.g., blood clotting, childbirth contractions).
Q13: What are the major body cavities?
A13: Dorsal and ventral cavities.
,Q14: What cavities are in the dorsal body cavity?
A14: Cranial cavity and vertebral (spinal) cavity.
Q15: What cavities are in the ventral body cavity?
A15: Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity.
Q16: What organ does the cranial cavity contain?
A16: The brain.
Q17: What organ does the vertebral cavity contain?
A17: The spinal cord.
Q18: What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
A18: The diaphragm.
PR
Q19: What organs are found in the thoracic cavity?
A19: Lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus.
Q20: What organs are found in the abdominal cavity?
A20: Stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, spleen, kidneys.
O
Q21: What organs are found in the pelvic cavity?
A21: Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.
FD
Q22: What are serous membranes?
A22: Thin membranes lining cavities and covering organs.
Q23: Name the serous membrane covering the lungs.
A23: Pleura.
O
Q24: Name the serous membrane covering the heart.
A24: Pericardium.
C
Q25: Name the serous membrane covering the abdominal organs.
A25: Peritoneum.
Q26: Define anatomical position.
A26: Body erect, feet parallel, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
Q27: Why is anatomical position important?
A27: Provides a standard reference for anatomical terminology.
Q28: What does superior mean in anatomical terms?
A28: Toward the head or upper part of the body.
,Q29: What does inferior mean?
A29: Away from the head; toward the lower part of the body.
Q30: What does anterior (ventral) mean?
A30: Toward the front of the body.
Q31: What does posterior (dorsal) mean?
A31: Toward the back of the body.
Q32: What does medial mean?
A32: Toward the midline of the body.
Q33: What does lateral mean?
A33: Away from the midline of the body.
PR
Q34: What does proximal mean?
A34: Closer to the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
Q35: What does distal mean?
A35: Farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
O
Q36: What does superficial mean?
A36: Toward or at the body surface.
FD
Q37: What does deep mean?
A37: Away from the body surface; more internal.
Q38: What are the three major body planes?
A38: Sagittal, frontal, transverse.
O
Q39: What is a sagittal plane?
A39: Divides the body into right and left parts.
C
Q40: What is a midsagittal plane?
A40: Divides the body into equal right and left halves.
Q41: What is a frontal (coronal) plane?
A41: Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Q42: What is a transverse (horizontal) plane?
A42: Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Q43: What is the smallest unit of life?
A43: The cell.
, Q44: What is metabolism?
A44: All chemical reactions that occur within the body.
Q45: What is catabolism?
A45: The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
Q46: What is anabolism?
A46: The building of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
Q47: What are the survival needs of the human body?
A47: Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure.
Q48: What is meant by physiology being “integrative”?
A48: Body systems work together; one system affects others.
PR
Q49: What is the difference between gross and microscopic anatomy?
A49: Gross anatomy studies large structures visible to the naked eye; microscopic anatomy
studies cells and tissues.
Q50: What is pathology?
O
A50: The study of disease and functional changes caused by it.
Q51: What is the anatomical term for the arm?
FD
A51: Brachial.
Q52: What is the anatomical term for the thigh?
A52: Femoral.
Q53: What is the anatomical term for the chest?
O
A53: Thoracic.
Q54: What is the anatomical term for the head?
C
A54: Cephalic.
Q55: What is the anatomical term for the foot sole?
A55: Plantar.
Q56: What is the anatomical term for the palm?
A56: Palmar.
Q57: Which organ system protects and supports body organs?
A57: Skeletal system.
Q58: Which organ system forms the body’s control system?
A58: Nervous system.
