CHAPTER 4
Approaches towards ecological well-Being
1. FBL – uses on or more of the 3 approaches to manage ecological well-being
a. Unawareness – E.g. building of factories in counties with least
expensive cost of pollution and sourcing natural resources from
regions that are the cheapest to buy from
b. Obstruction – knowing negative externalities exist but working
against any efforts trying to address them because of fear of losing out
on profits
c. Legal conformity - doing just what is legally required to address the
neg externalities. Meaning they have little environmental sensitivity.
2. TBL – exhibit one or more of the following approaches
a. Customer demand – for eco-friendly products and services,
recognizing that it will enhance the firm’s financial performance.
b. Support self-serving legislation – support stricter legislations related
to green practices e.g. when a firm develops green Tec that are better
than the competitors.
c. Implement financial cost efficiencies – E.g. reducing packaging of
goods, using LED lighting, and choosing more energy efficient
transportation.
3. SET – promotes these approaches
a. Proactiveness - taking initiative to seek opportunities to enhance the
natural environment.
b. Stakeholder-centrism – considers customer demands and also listens
to other stakeholders.
c. Place-based organizing – when and org’s ownership, productive
activities and resources are grounded in a specific geographic
location. it also has locally beneficial social and economic outcomes
Energy and the carbon economy
Carbon is the currency of life because of its role in providing energy to plants and
animals in the food web.
Approaches to food systems
1. FBL
a. Unawareness – little concern with externalities associated with
producing and transportation of food.
b. Obstruction – seek to hide such social ecological externalities from
view.
Approaches towards ecological well-Being
1. FBL – uses on or more of the 3 approaches to manage ecological well-being
a. Unawareness – E.g. building of factories in counties with least
expensive cost of pollution and sourcing natural resources from
regions that are the cheapest to buy from
b. Obstruction – knowing negative externalities exist but working
against any efforts trying to address them because of fear of losing out
on profits
c. Legal conformity - doing just what is legally required to address the
neg externalities. Meaning they have little environmental sensitivity.
2. TBL – exhibit one or more of the following approaches
a. Customer demand – for eco-friendly products and services,
recognizing that it will enhance the firm’s financial performance.
b. Support self-serving legislation – support stricter legislations related
to green practices e.g. when a firm develops green Tec that are better
than the competitors.
c. Implement financial cost efficiencies – E.g. reducing packaging of
goods, using LED lighting, and choosing more energy efficient
transportation.
3. SET – promotes these approaches
a. Proactiveness - taking initiative to seek opportunities to enhance the
natural environment.
b. Stakeholder-centrism – considers customer demands and also listens
to other stakeholders.
c. Place-based organizing – when and org’s ownership, productive
activities and resources are grounded in a specific geographic
location. it also has locally beneficial social and economic outcomes
Energy and the carbon economy
Carbon is the currency of life because of its role in providing energy to plants and
animals in the food web.
Approaches to food systems
1. FBL
a. Unawareness – little concern with externalities associated with
producing and transportation of food.
b. Obstruction – seek to hide such social ecological externalities from
view.
