WSU BIO 251 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH REAL
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Afferent: Transmit information from visceral receptors to central nervous system. Important in
maintaining homeostasis in charge of senses
Efferent: autonomic nervous system (in charge of autonomic and somatic systems) - answer ✔✔-What
is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons
The autonomic portion - answer ✔✔-What part of the peripheral nervous system controls internal
organs by innervating smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands in these organs/ tissues?
Sympathetic: Preganglionic originate in Thoracic and lumbar spine
Parasympathetic: preganglionic neurons originate in brainstem and sacral spinal cord. - answer ✔✔-
For both autonomic divisions, list where the preganglionic cell bodies are located within the CNS
Most ganglia linked together in sympathetic chain along the vertebral column - answer ✔✔-Where are
the sympathetic ganglia located?
brainstem and spinal cord (sacral) - answer ✔✔-Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?
parasympathetic: rest and relax: decreased heart rate and bp, increased intestinal activity, energy
conservation
sympathetic: Fight or flight: prepare for emergency/stress/exercise, decreased intestinal activity,
increased hr and bp, pupillary dilation - answer ✔✔-What are the functions of sympathetic and the
parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic:
Ach (preganglonic)
action potential
Norepinephrine( postganglionic)
Parasympathetic:
ach - answer ✔✔-What are the autonomic neurotransmitters involved at each different synapse. (For
both autonomic nervous system)
Skeletal muscle cells - answer ✔✔-What type of cells do somatic motor neurons control ?
is the junction between a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates - answer ✔✔-What is a
neromuscular junction?
ACH acetocholine - answer ✔✔-What is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic (cholinergic) - answer ✔✔-The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular binds to what
type of receptor on the muscle cell membrane
1. Action potential arrives at motor neuron axon terminal
2. Voltage-gated calcium channels open
3. Action potetnial arrives at motor neuron axon terminal
4. Ach diffuses across cleft and binds to nicotine receptors on the motor end plate
5. Ach triggers opening of fast ion channels (ach receptors) for small cations (sodium, potassium)
6. Net movement of positive charge into cell= depolarization
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COMPLETE ANSWERS
Afferent: Transmit information from visceral receptors to central nervous system. Important in
maintaining homeostasis in charge of senses
Efferent: autonomic nervous system (in charge of autonomic and somatic systems) - answer ✔✔-What
is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons
The autonomic portion - answer ✔✔-What part of the peripheral nervous system controls internal
organs by innervating smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands in these organs/ tissues?
Sympathetic: Preganglionic originate in Thoracic and lumbar spine
Parasympathetic: preganglionic neurons originate in brainstem and sacral spinal cord. - answer ✔✔-
For both autonomic divisions, list where the preganglionic cell bodies are located within the CNS
Most ganglia linked together in sympathetic chain along the vertebral column - answer ✔✔-Where are
the sympathetic ganglia located?
brainstem and spinal cord (sacral) - answer ✔✔-Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?
parasympathetic: rest and relax: decreased heart rate and bp, increased intestinal activity, energy
conservation
sympathetic: Fight or flight: prepare for emergency/stress/exercise, decreased intestinal activity,
increased hr and bp, pupillary dilation - answer ✔✔-What are the functions of sympathetic and the
parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic:
Ach (preganglonic)
action potential
Norepinephrine( postganglionic)
Parasympathetic:
ach - answer ✔✔-What are the autonomic neurotransmitters involved at each different synapse. (For
both autonomic nervous system)
Skeletal muscle cells - answer ✔✔-What type of cells do somatic motor neurons control ?
is the junction between a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates - answer ✔✔-What is a
neromuscular junction?
ACH acetocholine - answer ✔✔-What is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic (cholinergic) - answer ✔✔-The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular binds to what
type of receptor on the muscle cell membrane
1. Action potential arrives at motor neuron axon terminal
2. Voltage-gated calcium channels open
3. Action potetnial arrives at motor neuron axon terminal
4. Ach diffuses across cleft and binds to nicotine receptors on the motor end plate
5. Ach triggers opening of fast ion channels (ach receptors) for small cations (sodium, potassium)
6. Net movement of positive charge into cell= depolarization
GRADESMORE.COM
