EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
Who used introspection to study the "atoms of the mind"? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Willhelm Wundt
What is introspection? - CORRECT ANSWERS Looking inward into one own mental
processes
Structuralism - CORRECT ANSWERS Wundt, An early school of psychology that used
introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
Functionalism - CORRECT ANSWERS James, A school of psychology that focused on how
our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Who studied the mind as it adapts to the environment? - CORRECT ANSWERS William
James
Who studied behaviorism? - CORRECT ANSWERS Watson and Skinner
What is behaviorism? - CORRECT ANSWERS The view that psychology should be an
objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
What did Charles Darwin believe? - CORRECT ANSWERS He argued that natural selection
shapes behaviors as well as bodies
What does APA stand for? - CORRECT ANSWERS American Psychological Association
,What did Sigmund Freud study? - CORRECT ANSWERS He placed emphasis on the
unconscious and dream analysis
What is psychoanalysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Used by Freud, The theory and treatment
of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of
psychopathology
Humanism - CORRECT ANSWERS A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers
studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
Who studied humanism? - CORRECT ANSWERS Rogers and Maslow
Modern definition of psychology - CORRECT ANSWERS The science of behavior and
mental processes
Nature-nurture issue - CORRECT ANSWERS Longstanding controversy over the relative
contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
What are psychology's three main levels of analysis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Biological
influences, psychological influences, and socio-cultural influences
Biopsychosocial approach - CORRECT ANSWERS An integrated approach that
incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
Neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWERS How the body and brain enable emotions, memory,
and sensory experiences
Evolutionary - CORRECT ANSWERS How the natural selection of traits has promoted the
survival of genes
, Behavior genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS How our genes and our environment influence
our individual experiences
Psychodynamic - CORRECT ANSWERS How behavior springs from unconscious drives and
conflicts
Behavioral - CORRECT ANSWERS How we learn observable responses
Cognitive - CORRECT ANSWERS How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Social-cultural - CORRECT ANSWERS How behavior and thinking vary across situations
and cultures
Basic Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Research that explores questions that are of
interest to psychologists but are not intended to have immediate, real-world applications.
Applied Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Clear, practical applications. Research conducted
to solve practical problems.
Counseling psychologist - CORRECT ANSWERS A psychologist who specializes in the
treatment of milder emotional and behavioral disturbances
Clinical Psychologist - CORRECT ANSWERS A Psychologist who treats people serious
psychological problems or conducts research into the causes of behavior
Psychiatrists - CORRECT ANSWERS Medical doctors who have completed special training
in the treatment of psychological disorders. Can prescribe medicine.