HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Exam Study
Guide Questions and Answers Latest Versions
2025 A+
Stroke causes [5] - ANSWER Blood clot forms in main artery of the brain
And therefore stops the flow of blood to the brain
Blood clot/air bubble/fat globule forms in a blood vessel and is carried to the brain
Blood vessels burst inside the brain
Blood vessel on the surface to the brain bleeds into the area between the brain and skull
Stroke treatment [8] - ANSWER Clot busting medicine
Aspirin- prevents clotting
ACE inhibitors- lowers blood pressure
Anticoagulants (warfarin)- reduce blood clotting
Statins- reduce blood cholesterol level
Carotid endarterectomy surgery (CES)- surgery to open up carotid artery to remove fatty
deposits
Craniotomy- surgery to remove blood from brain
Being put on a ventilator
Stroke PCP [13] - ANSWER A&E
MRI
Treatment (examples)
See a neurologist/specialist stroke nurse
Asses lifestyle choices
Given advice
Rehabilitation
See the OT
,See the physio
Ongoing monitoring by GP of blood pressure and cholesterol
Informed choices
Dignity maintained
Patient at centre of care
Stroke P of PIESF [6] - ANSWER Daily tasks become difficult
Visual impairment
Stiff muscles
Loss of speech
Fatigue
Paralysis
Stroke I of PIESF [6] - ANSWER Memory loss
Only have a STM
Find it hard to understand
And process new things
Hard to learn new things
Short concentration
Stroke E of PIESF [4] - ANSWER Depression
Frustration
Embarrassment
Helplessness
Stroke S of PIESF [5] - ANSWER Lack of a social life
Strain on relationships
Strain on friendships
Difficult to communicate
Socially isolated
,Stroke F of PIESF [6] - ANSWER May have to pay for physio
Pay for stroke rehabilitation group
Hire a carer
Reliant on benefits
Lose job
May have to move/adapt living arrangements
Breast cancer symptoms [6] - ANSWER Blood/discharge from nipple
Sudden inverted nipple
Rash/crusting on/around nipple
Unusual change in breast size
, Sore breasts
Lump in armpit/breast
Breast cancer causes [12] - ANSWER Being tall
Not having children
Increase in age
Exposure to radiation
Being overweight
Family history
Genetic mutations
Smoking (wasn't in mark scheme for last year)
Previously having breast cancer
Breast density
Exposure to oestrogen
Excessive alcohol
Breast cancer diagnostics [8] - ANSWER Mammogram
Blood test
Breast exam
Breast biopsy
Genetic testing
Ultrasound
MRI
CT scan
Non invasive breast cancer [4] - ANSWER Found in the ducts of the breast
Has not developed the ability to spread outside of the breast
This form is rarely shown as a lump in the breast
Usually found on a mammogram
Guide Questions and Answers Latest Versions
2025 A+
Stroke causes [5] - ANSWER Blood clot forms in main artery of the brain
And therefore stops the flow of blood to the brain
Blood clot/air bubble/fat globule forms in a blood vessel and is carried to the brain
Blood vessels burst inside the brain
Blood vessel on the surface to the brain bleeds into the area between the brain and skull
Stroke treatment [8] - ANSWER Clot busting medicine
Aspirin- prevents clotting
ACE inhibitors- lowers blood pressure
Anticoagulants (warfarin)- reduce blood clotting
Statins- reduce blood cholesterol level
Carotid endarterectomy surgery (CES)- surgery to open up carotid artery to remove fatty
deposits
Craniotomy- surgery to remove blood from brain
Being put on a ventilator
Stroke PCP [13] - ANSWER A&E
MRI
Treatment (examples)
See a neurologist/specialist stroke nurse
Asses lifestyle choices
Given advice
Rehabilitation
See the OT
,See the physio
Ongoing monitoring by GP of blood pressure and cholesterol
Informed choices
Dignity maintained
Patient at centre of care
Stroke P of PIESF [6] - ANSWER Daily tasks become difficult
Visual impairment
Stiff muscles
Loss of speech
Fatigue
Paralysis
Stroke I of PIESF [6] - ANSWER Memory loss
Only have a STM
Find it hard to understand
And process new things
Hard to learn new things
Short concentration
Stroke E of PIESF [4] - ANSWER Depression
Frustration
Embarrassment
Helplessness
Stroke S of PIESF [5] - ANSWER Lack of a social life
Strain on relationships
Strain on friendships
Difficult to communicate
Socially isolated
,Stroke F of PIESF [6] - ANSWER May have to pay for physio
Pay for stroke rehabilitation group
Hire a carer
Reliant on benefits
Lose job
May have to move/adapt living arrangements
Breast cancer symptoms [6] - ANSWER Blood/discharge from nipple
Sudden inverted nipple
Rash/crusting on/around nipple
Unusual change in breast size
, Sore breasts
Lump in armpit/breast
Breast cancer causes [12] - ANSWER Being tall
Not having children
Increase in age
Exposure to radiation
Being overweight
Family history
Genetic mutations
Smoking (wasn't in mark scheme for last year)
Previously having breast cancer
Breast density
Exposure to oestrogen
Excessive alcohol
Breast cancer diagnostics [8] - ANSWER Mammogram
Blood test
Breast exam
Breast biopsy
Genetic testing
Ultrasound
MRI
CT scan
Non invasive breast cancer [4] - ANSWER Found in the ducts of the breast
Has not developed the ability to spread outside of the breast
This form is rarely shown as a lump in the breast
Usually found on a mammogram
