HESI FUNDAMENTALS 2025 | ACCURATE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER | VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS | GRADED A | LATEST UPDATE
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client. Which of the
following is the highest priority for the nurse to verify before administering
any medication?
A) The client's preferred route of administration.
B) The client's dietary restrictions.
C) The client's correct identity.
D) The client's current pain level.
E) The client's last vital signs.
Correct Answer: C) The client's correct identity.
Rationale: Verifying the client's identity (using at least two
identifiers) is the most critical step among the "Six Rights" of
medication administration to prevent medication errors.
Question 2
A nurse is caring for a client who has a urinary catheter inserted. Which
intervention is essential for the nurse to perform to prevent catheter-
associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?
A) Change the catheter daily.
B) Irrigate the catheter with antiseptic solution routinely.
C) Maintain a closed drainage system.
D) Hang the drainage bag above the client's bladder.
E) Clean the meatus with betadine every 4 hours.
Correct Answer: C) Maintain a closed drainage system.
Rationale: Maintaining a closed drainage system prevents
microorganisms from entering the urinary tract, significantly
reducing the risk of CAUTIs. Breaking the closed system, routine
irrigation, or hanging the bag above the bladder increases risk.
Question 3
A nurse is assessing a client's pain level. Which of the following is the most
,reliable indicator of a client's pain?
A) Changes in vital signs.
B) Observed facial grimacing.
C) The client's self-report of pain.
D) Guarding of the painful area.
E) Moaning or crying.
Correct Answer: C) The client's self-report of pain.
Rationale: Pain is a subjective experience. Therefore, the client's
self-report is the most reliable and primary indicator of pain, even if
objective signs are absent.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client who has Clostridium difficile infection. Which
infection control measure is most critical?
A) Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer after contact.
B) Wearing a surgical mask during client care.
C) Wearing sterile gloves for all contact.
D) Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water.
E) Placing the client in a negative pressure room.
Correct Answer: D) Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water.
Rationale: Alcohol-based hand rubs are ineffective against C.
difficile spores. Therefore, thorough hand washing with soap and
water is essential to physically remove spores and prevent the
spread of C. difficile.
Question 5
A nurse is preparing to ambulate a client for the first time after surgery. What
is the most important safety precaution?
A) Ensure the client is fully dressed before ambulation.
B) Have the client ambulate independently to promote self-sufficiency.
C) Assess for orthostatic hypotension and ensure a gait belt is used.
D) Remove all intravenous lines before ambulation.
,E) Begin ambulation immediately after pain medication is given.
Correct Answer: C) Assess for orthostatic hypotension and ensure a
gait belt is used.
Rationale: Postoperative clients are at high risk for orthostatic
hypotension (a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing),
which can lead to falls. A gait belt provides a secure hold for the
nurse to assist and support the client, preventing injury.
Question 6
When performing wound care, the nurse uses a sterile technique. What is the
primary purpose of sterile technique?
A) To reduce the number of microorganisms.
B) To eliminate all microorganisms from an area.
C) To prevent cross-contamination.
D) To protect the nurse from infection.
E) To clean visibly soiled areas.
Correct Answer: B) To eliminate all microorganisms from an area.
Rationale: Sterile technique (surgical asepsis) aims to eliminate all
microorganisms, including spores, from an object or area, thereby
creating a sterile field and preventing infection in susceptible sites
(e.g., open wounds, invasive procedures).
Question 7
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. Which intervention is
essential to prevent dry mouth and promote oral hygiene?
A) Offer ice chips every hour.
B) Provide frequent oral care with a moist sponge or swab.
C) Administer sips of water.
D) Offer sugar-free gum.
E) Apply petroleum jelly to the lips only.
Correct Answer: B) Provide frequent oral care with a moist sponge
or swab.
, Rationale: For clients who are NPO, frequent oral care with a moist
sponge or swab helps keep the mucous membranes moist, removes
debris, and prevents discomfort from dry mouth, without violating
the NPO status.
Question 8
A nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication to an elderly client who
has difficulty swallowing. What is the most appropriate action?
A) Crush all medications and mix them with applesauce.
B) Administer the medication with a large glass of water.
C) Check if the medication can be crushed or given in liquid form.
D) Force the client to swallow the pill quickly.
E) Withhold the medication until a doctor can adjust the order.
Correct Answer: C) Check if the medication can be crushed or given
in liquid form.
Rationale: Many medications cannot be crushed (e.g., enteric-
coated, sustained-release). The nurse must first verify if crushing is
safe or if a liquid form is available before altering the medication.
Forcing medication can lead to aspiration.
Question 9
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of fluid volume excess. Which finding
would be consistent with this condition?
A) Decreased blood pressure.
B) Dry mucous membranes.
C) Bounding peripheral pulses.
D) Decreased urine output.
E) Flat neck veins.
Correct Answer: C) Bounding peripheral pulses.
Rationale: Bounding peripheral pulses are a classic sign of fluid
volume excess (hypervolemia) due to the increased circulating
blood volume, leading to increased pulse pressure.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER | VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS | GRADED A | LATEST UPDATE
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client. Which of the
following is the highest priority for the nurse to verify before administering
any medication?
A) The client's preferred route of administration.
B) The client's dietary restrictions.
C) The client's correct identity.
D) The client's current pain level.
E) The client's last vital signs.
Correct Answer: C) The client's correct identity.
Rationale: Verifying the client's identity (using at least two
identifiers) is the most critical step among the "Six Rights" of
medication administration to prevent medication errors.
Question 2
A nurse is caring for a client who has a urinary catheter inserted. Which
intervention is essential for the nurse to perform to prevent catheter-
associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?
A) Change the catheter daily.
B) Irrigate the catheter with antiseptic solution routinely.
C) Maintain a closed drainage system.
D) Hang the drainage bag above the client's bladder.
E) Clean the meatus with betadine every 4 hours.
Correct Answer: C) Maintain a closed drainage system.
Rationale: Maintaining a closed drainage system prevents
microorganisms from entering the urinary tract, significantly
reducing the risk of CAUTIs. Breaking the closed system, routine
irrigation, or hanging the bag above the bladder increases risk.
Question 3
A nurse is assessing a client's pain level. Which of the following is the most
,reliable indicator of a client's pain?
A) Changes in vital signs.
B) Observed facial grimacing.
C) The client's self-report of pain.
D) Guarding of the painful area.
E) Moaning or crying.
Correct Answer: C) The client's self-report of pain.
Rationale: Pain is a subjective experience. Therefore, the client's
self-report is the most reliable and primary indicator of pain, even if
objective signs are absent.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client who has Clostridium difficile infection. Which
infection control measure is most critical?
A) Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer after contact.
B) Wearing a surgical mask during client care.
C) Wearing sterile gloves for all contact.
D) Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water.
E) Placing the client in a negative pressure room.
Correct Answer: D) Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water.
Rationale: Alcohol-based hand rubs are ineffective against C.
difficile spores. Therefore, thorough hand washing with soap and
water is essential to physically remove spores and prevent the
spread of C. difficile.
Question 5
A nurse is preparing to ambulate a client for the first time after surgery. What
is the most important safety precaution?
A) Ensure the client is fully dressed before ambulation.
B) Have the client ambulate independently to promote self-sufficiency.
C) Assess for orthostatic hypotension and ensure a gait belt is used.
D) Remove all intravenous lines before ambulation.
,E) Begin ambulation immediately after pain medication is given.
Correct Answer: C) Assess for orthostatic hypotension and ensure a
gait belt is used.
Rationale: Postoperative clients are at high risk for orthostatic
hypotension (a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing),
which can lead to falls. A gait belt provides a secure hold for the
nurse to assist and support the client, preventing injury.
Question 6
When performing wound care, the nurse uses a sterile technique. What is the
primary purpose of sterile technique?
A) To reduce the number of microorganisms.
B) To eliminate all microorganisms from an area.
C) To prevent cross-contamination.
D) To protect the nurse from infection.
E) To clean visibly soiled areas.
Correct Answer: B) To eliminate all microorganisms from an area.
Rationale: Sterile technique (surgical asepsis) aims to eliminate all
microorganisms, including spores, from an object or area, thereby
creating a sterile field and preventing infection in susceptible sites
(e.g., open wounds, invasive procedures).
Question 7
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. Which intervention is
essential to prevent dry mouth and promote oral hygiene?
A) Offer ice chips every hour.
B) Provide frequent oral care with a moist sponge or swab.
C) Administer sips of water.
D) Offer sugar-free gum.
E) Apply petroleum jelly to the lips only.
Correct Answer: B) Provide frequent oral care with a moist sponge
or swab.
, Rationale: For clients who are NPO, frequent oral care with a moist
sponge or swab helps keep the mucous membranes moist, removes
debris, and prevents discomfort from dry mouth, without violating
the NPO status.
Question 8
A nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication to an elderly client who
has difficulty swallowing. What is the most appropriate action?
A) Crush all medications and mix them with applesauce.
B) Administer the medication with a large glass of water.
C) Check if the medication can be crushed or given in liquid form.
D) Force the client to swallow the pill quickly.
E) Withhold the medication until a doctor can adjust the order.
Correct Answer: C) Check if the medication can be crushed or given
in liquid form.
Rationale: Many medications cannot be crushed (e.g., enteric-
coated, sustained-release). The nurse must first verify if crushing is
safe or if a liquid form is available before altering the medication.
Forcing medication can lead to aspiration.
Question 9
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of fluid volume excess. Which finding
would be consistent with this condition?
A) Decreased blood pressure.
B) Dry mucous membranes.
C) Bounding peripheral pulses.
D) Decreased urine output.
E) Flat neck veins.
Correct Answer: C) Bounding peripheral pulses.
Rationale: Bounding peripheral pulses are a classic sign of fluid
volume excess (hypervolemia) due to the increased circulating
blood volume, leading to increased pulse pressure.
