NUR1 424 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
What are the ethical foundations in Nursing? - Answers Morals
moral distess
moral resilience
Ethics
cultural humility and safety
decision-making tools
What are the legal foundations of nursing? - Answers patient rights
patient obligations
professional obligations
civil liability
consent/confidentiality
What are the two key theories for ethics? - Answers Deontology and Consequentialism
Deontology - Answers Duties we have toward others
Consequentialism - Answers states the rightness and wrongness of an action is determined by
the outcome or consequences
what are the three difficulties of deontology - Answers Difficult to determine what our duties are
,often multiple and competing duties
paying attention to duties and failing to also consider the range of outcomes or consequences
of adhering to duties (appears irresponsible)
What is the most common form of consequentialism - Answers utilitarianism
Utilitarianism - Answers outcome is ethical if negatives are minimized and positives are
maximized "most ethically sound is best option"
What is the issue with utilitarianism? - Answers agreement on what is good and what is bad can
not be reached
moral distress - Answers knowing the right thing morally but being unable to do it
initial distress - Answers experienced in real time as the situation unfolds
reactive distress - Answers arises after situation has passed (lingering feelinigs about failure to
act on intiial distress)
what is another name for reactive distress? - Answers moral residue
what is moral residue - Answers loss of personal moral identity and long-term adverse
consequences
physical moral distress responses - Answers heart palpitations,
gi disturbance,
insomnia,
headache/pain,
fatigue,
hyperactivity,
weight gain/loss,
susceptibility to illness
emotional distress responses - Answers powerlessness,
fear,
disgust,
,depression,
anxiety,
bitterness,
shock,
dismay,
burnout
spiritual distress response - Answers faith crisis,
loss of sense of meaning,
moral integrity loss,
loss of self-worth,
disconnect from work/community
behavioural distress response - Answers impaired thinking,
nightmares,
lashing out,
addictive behavior,
controlling,
defensivenss,
avoidance,
agitation,
shaming,
disengagement,
vertical/horizontal violence
results fo moral distress in healthcare - Answers team erosion,
decreased patient care,
poor patient outcomes
, results fo personal moral distress - Answers fatigue,
powerlessness,
disrespect,
frustration
how to be morally resilient - Answers know what you stand for,
refinement of knowledge,
self-regulation,
responsivity and flexibility,
discern boundaries of integrity,
courageousness,
discern exertion of sufficient effort,
seek meaning
How to improve moral distress issues in healthcare teams - Answers improve hcp comunication,
discuss different perspectives with team,
provide supportive networks,
foster workplace trust/openness,
remove barriers to communication
how to address moral distress - Answers recognize symptoms of moral distress,
reflect on ethical clinical situation,
reconnect to your original purpose for being a nurse,
commit to personal well-being,
support and restore moral integrity,
listen to intuition,
develop ethical competence,
speak up about ethical concerns,
What are the ethical foundations in Nursing? - Answers Morals
moral distess
moral resilience
Ethics
cultural humility and safety
decision-making tools
What are the legal foundations of nursing? - Answers patient rights
patient obligations
professional obligations
civil liability
consent/confidentiality
What are the two key theories for ethics? - Answers Deontology and Consequentialism
Deontology - Answers Duties we have toward others
Consequentialism - Answers states the rightness and wrongness of an action is determined by
the outcome or consequences
what are the three difficulties of deontology - Answers Difficult to determine what our duties are
,often multiple and competing duties
paying attention to duties and failing to also consider the range of outcomes or consequences
of adhering to duties (appears irresponsible)
What is the most common form of consequentialism - Answers utilitarianism
Utilitarianism - Answers outcome is ethical if negatives are minimized and positives are
maximized "most ethically sound is best option"
What is the issue with utilitarianism? - Answers agreement on what is good and what is bad can
not be reached
moral distress - Answers knowing the right thing morally but being unable to do it
initial distress - Answers experienced in real time as the situation unfolds
reactive distress - Answers arises after situation has passed (lingering feelinigs about failure to
act on intiial distress)
what is another name for reactive distress? - Answers moral residue
what is moral residue - Answers loss of personal moral identity and long-term adverse
consequences
physical moral distress responses - Answers heart palpitations,
gi disturbance,
insomnia,
headache/pain,
fatigue,
hyperactivity,
weight gain/loss,
susceptibility to illness
emotional distress responses - Answers powerlessness,
fear,
disgust,
,depression,
anxiety,
bitterness,
shock,
dismay,
burnout
spiritual distress response - Answers faith crisis,
loss of sense of meaning,
moral integrity loss,
loss of self-worth,
disconnect from work/community
behavioural distress response - Answers impaired thinking,
nightmares,
lashing out,
addictive behavior,
controlling,
defensivenss,
avoidance,
agitation,
shaming,
disengagement,
vertical/horizontal violence
results fo moral distress in healthcare - Answers team erosion,
decreased patient care,
poor patient outcomes
, results fo personal moral distress - Answers fatigue,
powerlessness,
disrespect,
frustration
how to be morally resilient - Answers know what you stand for,
refinement of knowledge,
self-regulation,
responsivity and flexibility,
discern boundaries of integrity,
courageousness,
discern exertion of sufficient effort,
seek meaning
How to improve moral distress issues in healthcare teams - Answers improve hcp comunication,
discuss different perspectives with team,
provide supportive networks,
foster workplace trust/openness,
remove barriers to communication
how to address moral distress - Answers recognize symptoms of moral distress,
reflect on ethical clinical situation,
reconnect to your original purpose for being a nurse,
commit to personal well-being,
support and restore moral integrity,
listen to intuition,
develop ethical competence,
speak up about ethical concerns,
