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HONDROS BIO 117 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS, ALREADY GRADED A+
1.
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts is known as anatomy.
What is the study of the function of those body parts called?
Correct Answer: Physiology
2.
The body is organized into structural levels, beginning with atoms and molecules.
Which level comes directly after cells in this hierarchy?
Correct Answer: Tissues
3.
Homeostasis involves maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes.
Which organ system plays the primary role in fast, short-term homeostatic control?
Correct Answer: Nervous system
4.
Anatomical terminology uses standard reference positions to avoid confusion.
What is the anatomical position of the body?
Correct Answer: Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward
5.
Directional terms help describe the location of structures relative to others.
What does the term “proximal” refer to in anatomy?
Correct Answer: Closer to the point of attachment to the body
6.
Cells are the basic functional units of life and perform essential processes.
Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for energy production?
Correct Answer: Mitochondria
7.
The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Which property allows the membrane to selectively control permeability?
Correct Answer: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
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8.
Water movement across a semi-permeable membrane occurs to balance
concentrations.
What is this passive transport process called?
Correct Answer: Osmosis
9.
DNA serves as the genetic blueprint for protein synthesis within the cell.
Which cellular organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Correct Answer: Ribosomes
10.
Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function.
Which type of tissue covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands?
Correct Answer: Epithelial tissue
11.
Connective tissues support, bind, and protect other body tissues.
Which connective tissue type stores fat and provides insulation?
Correct Answer: Adipose tissue
12.
Muscle tissue allows movement through contraction of specialized fibers.
Which muscle type is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart?
Correct Answer: Cardiac muscle
13.
Nervous tissue is specialized for rapid communication and control.
What is the functional cell of nervous tissue that transmits electrical signals?
Correct Answer: Neuron
14.
The skin is the body’s largest organ and serves as a protective barrier.
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands?
Correct Answer: Dermis
15.
The skeletal system provides support and protection while storing minerals.
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Which mineral is primarily stored in bone tissue?
Correct Answer: Calcium
16.
Bone remodeling involves continuous breakdown and rebuilding of bone tissue.
Which cells are responsible for bone resorption (breakdown)?
Correct Answer: Osteoclasts
17.
The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thorax.
Which part of the skeleton is responsible for movement and locomotion?
Correct Answer: Appendicular skeleton
18.
Joints, or articulations, connect bones and allow movement.
Which type of joint permits the greatest range of motion?
Correct Answer: Synovial joint
19.
Skeletal muscle fibers contract in response to stimulation by motor neurons.
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger
contraction?
Correct Answer: Acetylcholine
20.
The sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction.
Which two protein filaments interact to produce muscle shortening?
Correct Answer: Actin and myosin
21.
The central nervous system integrates information and issues commands.
Which two structures make up the CNS?
Correct Answer: Brain and spinal cord
22.
The peripheral nervous system carries signals to and from the CNS.
Which division controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements?
Correct Answer: Somatic nervous system
23.
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions.
HONDROS BIO 117 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS, ALREADY GRADED A+
1.
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts is known as anatomy.
What is the study of the function of those body parts called?
Correct Answer: Physiology
2.
The body is organized into structural levels, beginning with atoms and molecules.
Which level comes directly after cells in this hierarchy?
Correct Answer: Tissues
3.
Homeostasis involves maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes.
Which organ system plays the primary role in fast, short-term homeostatic control?
Correct Answer: Nervous system
4.
Anatomical terminology uses standard reference positions to avoid confusion.
What is the anatomical position of the body?
Correct Answer: Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward
5.
Directional terms help describe the location of structures relative to others.
What does the term “proximal” refer to in anatomy?
Correct Answer: Closer to the point of attachment to the body
6.
Cells are the basic functional units of life and perform essential processes.
Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for energy production?
Correct Answer: Mitochondria
7.
The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Which property allows the membrane to selectively control permeability?
Correct Answer: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
,2|Page
8.
Water movement across a semi-permeable membrane occurs to balance
concentrations.
What is this passive transport process called?
Correct Answer: Osmosis
9.
DNA serves as the genetic blueprint for protein synthesis within the cell.
Which cellular organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Correct Answer: Ribosomes
10.
Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function.
Which type of tissue covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands?
Correct Answer: Epithelial tissue
11.
Connective tissues support, bind, and protect other body tissues.
Which connective tissue type stores fat and provides insulation?
Correct Answer: Adipose tissue
12.
Muscle tissue allows movement through contraction of specialized fibers.
Which muscle type is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart?
Correct Answer: Cardiac muscle
13.
Nervous tissue is specialized for rapid communication and control.
What is the functional cell of nervous tissue that transmits electrical signals?
Correct Answer: Neuron
14.
The skin is the body’s largest organ and serves as a protective barrier.
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands?
Correct Answer: Dermis
15.
The skeletal system provides support and protection while storing minerals.
, 3|Page
Which mineral is primarily stored in bone tissue?
Correct Answer: Calcium
16.
Bone remodeling involves continuous breakdown and rebuilding of bone tissue.
Which cells are responsible for bone resorption (breakdown)?
Correct Answer: Osteoclasts
17.
The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thorax.
Which part of the skeleton is responsible for movement and locomotion?
Correct Answer: Appendicular skeleton
18.
Joints, or articulations, connect bones and allow movement.
Which type of joint permits the greatest range of motion?
Correct Answer: Synovial joint
19.
Skeletal muscle fibers contract in response to stimulation by motor neurons.
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger
contraction?
Correct Answer: Acetylcholine
20.
The sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction.
Which two protein filaments interact to produce muscle shortening?
Correct Answer: Actin and myosin
21.
The central nervous system integrates information and issues commands.
Which two structures make up the CNS?
Correct Answer: Brain and spinal cord
22.
The peripheral nervous system carries signals to and from the CNS.
Which division controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements?
Correct Answer: Somatic nervous system
23.
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions.
