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A 23 year-old G1P1 delivered vaginally a 42-week infant
after a prolonged induction of labor. She had an epidural,
with an indwelling catheter for 36 hours and three IV sites
for her intravenous medications. She now complains of
lower abdominal pain, frequency and dysuria. Her vital
signs are temperature 98.6°F , 37°C; pulse 70; blood
pressure 100/60; and respirations 12. On examination, her
lungs are clear, cardiac exam is normal, abdomen is soft,
uterine fundus is firm and nontender, and she has mild
suprapubic tenderness. Which of the following organisms is
most likely causing her discomfort?
A. Group A streptococcus
B. Gardnerella vaginalis
C. Chlamydia trachomatis
,D. Escherichia coli
E. Group B Streptococcus - ANSWERS-D. Escherichia coli
Acute cystitis is a common complication after vaginal
delivery and the risk increases with the use of an indwelling
catheter. The most common cause of acute cystitis infection
is gram-negative bacteria. The major pathogens are E. coli
(75%), P. mirabilis (8%), K. pneumoniae (20%), S. faecalis
(<5%), and S. agalactiae.
A 23 year-old G1P1 delivered her first baby two days ago
after an uncomplicated labor and vaginal delivery. She
wants to breast feed and has been working with the
lactation team. Prior to discharge, her temperature was
100.4°F, 38°C (other vitals were normal). She denies urinary
frequency or dysuria and her lochia is mild without odor. On
examination, her lungs are clear, cardiac exam normal, and
abdomen and uterine fundus are nontender. Her breasts are
firm and tender throughout, without erythema and nipples
are intact. Which of the following is the most likely cause of
her fever?
A. Endomyometritis
B. Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
,C. Mastitis
D. Breast engorgement
E. Vaginitis - ANSWERS-D. Breast engorgement
Breast engorgement is an exaggerated response to the
lymphatic and venous congestion associated with lactation.
Milk "let-down" generally occurs on postpartum day 2 or 3.
If the baby is not feeding well, the breast can become
engorged, which can cause a low-grade fever. Lactating
women are encouraged to feed their baby frequently, and
use a breast pump to prevent painful engorgement and
mastitis. Postpartum fever differential includes
endometritis, cystitis and mastitis. These are easy
distinguished, based on clinical findings. Vaginitis is not
accompanied by fever. Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is a
rare condition and characterized by high fever not
responsive to antibiotics and is a diagnosis of exclusion.
A 23 year-old G1P1 is 5 days post-operative from a Cesarean
section for arrest of labor at 7 centimeters. She now
complains of minimal abdominal pain and drainage from
the right side of the incision. Lochia is normal and she has
no urinary complaints. Her vital signs are normal and she is
afebrile. On physical exam, her lung and cardiac
examinations are normal. Her abdomen and uterine fundus
, are nontender. Her Pfannenstiel incision has erythema
extending 3 centimeters from the incision and there is
purulent, bloody drainage coming from the right side. What
is the next best step in the management of this patient?
A. Initiate intravenous antibiotics
B. Initiate oral antibiotics
C. Occlusive dressing to the wound
D. Open drainage of wound
E. Tropical antibiotics to the wound - ANSWERS-D. Open
drainage of wound
What is the next best step in the evaluation of this patient?
A. Routine antenatal care
B. Chest x-ray
C. Arterial blood gas
D. Spiral CT of the lungs
E. Echocardiogram - ANSWERS-A. Routine antenatal care
The results of her PFT are consistent with normal
physiologic changes in pregnancy. Inspiratory capacity