Test Bank For Microbiology Basic and Clinical
Principles
Microorganism - ANSWERSAn organism that is microscopic, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and
viruses.
Opportunistic pathogens - ANSWERSPathogens that cause disease when the host is weakened.
Spontaneous generation - ANSWERSThe theory that living organisms can arise from non-living
matter.
Biogenesis - ANSWERSThe principle that living organisms arise only from pre-existing living
organisms.
Germ theory of disease - ANSWERSThe theory that specific diseases are caused by specific
microorganisms.
Koch's postulates - ANSWERSA series of principles used to establish a causative relationship
between a microbe and a disease.
Aseptic technique - ANSWERSA procedure performed under sterile conditions to prevent
contamination.
Louis Pasteur - ANSWERSA scientist who showed that biogenesis is responsible for the
propagation of life.
Robert Koch - ANSWERSA microbiologist who helped establish the germ theory of disease.
,Anthrax - ANSWERSA serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
Electron microscope - ANSWERSA type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an
image of the specimen.
Petri dishes - ANSWERSShallow cylindrical glass or plastic dishes used to culture
microorganisms.
Healthcare-acquired infections - ANSWERSInfections that patients acquire while receiving
treatment for medical or surgical conditions.
Physiological testing - ANSWERSTests performed to assess the functions of an organism or its
parts.
Maggots - ANSWERSLarval stage of flies that can develop from decaying organic matter.
Infection - ANSWERSThe invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues.
Diseased animals - ANSWERSAnimals that are affected by a specific disease.
Flies - ANSWERSInsects that can lay eggs that develop into maggots.
Remote area - ANSWERSA location that is far away from populated or urban areas.
Hand washing - ANSWERSThe act of cleaning hands with soap and water to remove dirt and
microorganisms.
,Gloves - ANSWERSProtective hand coverings worn to prevent contamination.
Soap - ANSWERSA substance used with water for washing and cleaning.
Infection establishment - ANSWERSThe process by which a pathogen begins to multiply and
cause disease in a host.
Bacterial microorganism - ANSWERSA single-celled organism that can cause disease.
Ignaz Semmelweis - ANSWERSFirst developed aseptic techniques to decrease mortality rates
from childbed fever.
Joseph Lister - ANSWERSDeveloped the first anesthetic solution for use in surgeries.
Florence Nightingale - ANSWERSEstablished the use of aseptic techniques in nursing practices.
Scientific method - ANSWERSStarts with a question.
Inference-observation confusion - ANSWERSOccurs when someone jumps to a conclusion.
Theories - ANSWERSPredict what happens.
Laws - ANSWERSExplain how and why something occurs.
Scientific name formatting - ANSWERSThe correct way to type a scientific name is Escherichia
coli.
, Taxonomic hierarchy - ANSWERSThe order from least specific to most specific is domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Reasons to classify a new strain of bacteria - ANSWERSAll of the following are reasons except
50% different genetic material.
Prokaryotic species definition - ANSWERSCannot be defined as a group of similar organisms that
could sexually reproduce together because bacteria reproduce asexually.
Normal microbiota - ANSWERSAre responsible for training our immune system, producing
vitamins, helping us digest foods, and impacting our moods and brain functions, except inducing
spontaneous mutations in our genome.
hormonal changes - ANSWERSChanges in hormone levels that can affect various bodily
functions.
diet - ANSWERSThe kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats.
age - ANSWERSThe length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed.
proper hand-washing technique - ANSWERSA method of washing hands to remove dirt, germs,
and bacteria effectively.
our general environment - ANSWERSThe surrounding conditions in which a person, animal, or
plant lives or operates.
commensal relationships - ANSWERSRelationships where one organism benefits while the other
is neither helped nor harmed.
Principles
Microorganism - ANSWERSAn organism that is microscopic, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and
viruses.
Opportunistic pathogens - ANSWERSPathogens that cause disease when the host is weakened.
Spontaneous generation - ANSWERSThe theory that living organisms can arise from non-living
matter.
Biogenesis - ANSWERSThe principle that living organisms arise only from pre-existing living
organisms.
Germ theory of disease - ANSWERSThe theory that specific diseases are caused by specific
microorganisms.
Koch's postulates - ANSWERSA series of principles used to establish a causative relationship
between a microbe and a disease.
Aseptic technique - ANSWERSA procedure performed under sterile conditions to prevent
contamination.
Louis Pasteur - ANSWERSA scientist who showed that biogenesis is responsible for the
propagation of life.
Robert Koch - ANSWERSA microbiologist who helped establish the germ theory of disease.
,Anthrax - ANSWERSA serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
Electron microscope - ANSWERSA type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an
image of the specimen.
Petri dishes - ANSWERSShallow cylindrical glass or plastic dishes used to culture
microorganisms.
Healthcare-acquired infections - ANSWERSInfections that patients acquire while receiving
treatment for medical or surgical conditions.
Physiological testing - ANSWERSTests performed to assess the functions of an organism or its
parts.
Maggots - ANSWERSLarval stage of flies that can develop from decaying organic matter.
Infection - ANSWERSThe invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues.
Diseased animals - ANSWERSAnimals that are affected by a specific disease.
Flies - ANSWERSInsects that can lay eggs that develop into maggots.
Remote area - ANSWERSA location that is far away from populated or urban areas.
Hand washing - ANSWERSThe act of cleaning hands with soap and water to remove dirt and
microorganisms.
,Gloves - ANSWERSProtective hand coverings worn to prevent contamination.
Soap - ANSWERSA substance used with water for washing and cleaning.
Infection establishment - ANSWERSThe process by which a pathogen begins to multiply and
cause disease in a host.
Bacterial microorganism - ANSWERSA single-celled organism that can cause disease.
Ignaz Semmelweis - ANSWERSFirst developed aseptic techniques to decrease mortality rates
from childbed fever.
Joseph Lister - ANSWERSDeveloped the first anesthetic solution for use in surgeries.
Florence Nightingale - ANSWERSEstablished the use of aseptic techniques in nursing practices.
Scientific method - ANSWERSStarts with a question.
Inference-observation confusion - ANSWERSOccurs when someone jumps to a conclusion.
Theories - ANSWERSPredict what happens.
Laws - ANSWERSExplain how and why something occurs.
Scientific name formatting - ANSWERSThe correct way to type a scientific name is Escherichia
coli.
, Taxonomic hierarchy - ANSWERSThe order from least specific to most specific is domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Reasons to classify a new strain of bacteria - ANSWERSAll of the following are reasons except
50% different genetic material.
Prokaryotic species definition - ANSWERSCannot be defined as a group of similar organisms that
could sexually reproduce together because bacteria reproduce asexually.
Normal microbiota - ANSWERSAre responsible for training our immune system, producing
vitamins, helping us digest foods, and impacting our moods and brain functions, except inducing
spontaneous mutations in our genome.
hormonal changes - ANSWERSChanges in hormone levels that can affect various bodily
functions.
diet - ANSWERSThe kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats.
age - ANSWERSThe length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed.
proper hand-washing technique - ANSWERSA method of washing hands to remove dirt, germs,
and bacteria effectively.
our general environment - ANSWERSThe surrounding conditions in which a person, animal, or
plant lives or operates.
commensal relationships - ANSWERSRelationships where one organism benefits while the other
is neither helped nor harmed.
