NUR 612 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (MODULE 2)
1. Nucleus
Answer Control center of the cell, which is vital for protein synthesis
Control center
Contains all the cell DNA (except for DNA in mitochondria) Nuclear envelope Nuclear
pores DNA Chromatin (condenses)into chromosomes during prophase of mitosis)
RNA synthesis
Messenger Ribosomal Transfer Nucleolus
2.Cytoplasm
Answer Cell work occurs here
Water, electrolytes, proteins, fats and glycogen
3.Cell Membrane
Answer Separates intracellular and extracellular environments
Provides receptors for hormones and other substances
Electrical activity between nerve and muscle cells
Aids in cell growth/proliferation
Provides receptors for hormones and other biologically active substances
Participates in the electrical events that occur in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
4.Ribosomes
Answer Site of protein synthesis
, NUR 612 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (MODULE 2)
5.Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer System of paired membranes Rough and Smooth
6.Golgi Complex
Answer Modifies and packages substances from ER
7.Mitochondria
Answer Power house of the cell (energy), also function to regulate apoptosis
8. Lysosomes
Answer Metabolism
9. Cytoskeleton
Answer Microtubules
Develop and maintain cell form
Participate in intracellular transport mechanisms
Form basic structure for complex cytoplasmic organelles
Contain cilia and flagella
Contain centrioles and basal bodies. Produce muscle contraction (actin and myosin)
Support and maintain the asymmetric shape of cells
Are thin threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Categorized as thin, intermediate, and thick myosin
, NUR 612 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (MODULE 2)
10. Lipid bilayer
Answer The basic fluid structure of the membrane and serves as a semipermeable
barrier.
Phospholipids with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
11. Glycocalyx
Answer Participates in cell-to-cell recognition and adhesion.
12. Cell communication
Answercellular, tissue, organ, and system communication is an essential component of
homeostasis (function and growth).
Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that
affects its own activity.
Paracrine signaling acts on nearby cells.
Endocrine signaling relies on hormones carried in the bloodstream to cells throughout
the body.
Synaptic signaling occurs in the nervous system, where neurotransmitters act only on
adjacent nerve cells.
, NUR 612 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (MODULE 2)
13. Ion-Channel-Linked Receptors
Answer Rapid synaptic signaling between electrically excitable cells
Transmission of impulses in nerve and muscle cells
14. G-Protein-Linked Receptors
Answer The on-off switch for signal transduction
15. Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Answer Receptors for certain protein hormones Activate an intracellular domain with
enzyme activity
16 Intracellular Receptors
Answer Ligands move directly across the membrane to bind to the intracellular receptor.
17. The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Answer Main stages of cell cycle (life cycle of a cell) Mitosis: cell division stage
Interphase: nondividing phase
Types of cell division
1. Nucleus
Answer Control center of the cell, which is vital for protein synthesis
Control center
Contains all the cell DNA (except for DNA in mitochondria) Nuclear envelope Nuclear
pores DNA Chromatin (condenses)into chromosomes during prophase of mitosis)
RNA synthesis
Messenger Ribosomal Transfer Nucleolus
2.Cytoplasm
Answer Cell work occurs here
Water, electrolytes, proteins, fats and glycogen
3.Cell Membrane
Answer Separates intracellular and extracellular environments
Provides receptors for hormones and other substances
Electrical activity between nerve and muscle cells
Aids in cell growth/proliferation
Provides receptors for hormones and other biologically active substances
Participates in the electrical events that occur in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
4.Ribosomes
Answer Site of protein synthesis
, NUR 612 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (MODULE 2)
5.Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer System of paired membranes Rough and Smooth
6.Golgi Complex
Answer Modifies and packages substances from ER
7.Mitochondria
Answer Power house of the cell (energy), also function to regulate apoptosis
8. Lysosomes
Answer Metabolism
9. Cytoskeleton
Answer Microtubules
Develop and maintain cell form
Participate in intracellular transport mechanisms
Form basic structure for complex cytoplasmic organelles
Contain cilia and flagella
Contain centrioles and basal bodies. Produce muscle contraction (actin and myosin)
Support and maintain the asymmetric shape of cells
Are thin threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Categorized as thin, intermediate, and thick myosin
, NUR 612 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (MODULE 2)
10. Lipid bilayer
Answer The basic fluid structure of the membrane and serves as a semipermeable
barrier.
Phospholipids with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
11. Glycocalyx
Answer Participates in cell-to-cell recognition and adhesion.
12. Cell communication
Answercellular, tissue, organ, and system communication is an essential component of
homeostasis (function and growth).
Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid that
affects its own activity.
Paracrine signaling acts on nearby cells.
Endocrine signaling relies on hormones carried in the bloodstream to cells throughout
the body.
Synaptic signaling occurs in the nervous system, where neurotransmitters act only on
adjacent nerve cells.
, NUR 612 EXAM STUDY GUIDE (MODULE 2)
13. Ion-Channel-Linked Receptors
Answer Rapid synaptic signaling between electrically excitable cells
Transmission of impulses in nerve and muscle cells
14. G-Protein-Linked Receptors
Answer The on-off switch for signal transduction
15. Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Answer Receptors for certain protein hormones Activate an intracellular domain with
enzyme activity
16 Intracellular Receptors
Answer Ligands move directly across the membrane to bind to the intracellular receptor.
17. The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Answer Main stages of cell cycle (life cycle of a cell) Mitosis: cell division stage
Interphase: nondividing phase
Types of cell division
