9/30/25, 2:26 PM GEOG 350
GEOG 350 Final Exam Notes 2025-2026\LATEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED
ANSWERS\VERIFIED ANSWERS \ALREADY GRADED A+
Terms in this set (317)
What country has the lowest The United States has 1% of its labor force in
percentage of its labor agriculture. (although there are many other countries
force in agriculture? What that also have 1%)
is it? Mali has 80% of its labor force in agriculture.
What about the highest
percentage?
What was the first The domestication of plants and animals about 10,000
agricultural revolution and years ago in multiple parts of the world. This coincides
when did it first take with traditional smallholder agriculture.
place?
How much of the world's About 1/3 of the world's population
people are still involved in
smallholder agriculture
today?
--Small holdings (2-3 acres and always less than 25 acres)
What are the characteristics --Labor intensive -- community oriented
of smallholder agriculture? --Different economic rational -- workers are not paid
--High yields per acre -- land does not sit idle
What type of farms have the Smallholder farming plots
highest output per land
space?
True or false, most farms in False, most are small farms.
Peru are large farms?
/ 1/33
,9/30/25, 2:26 PM GEOG 350
--Fertilization
--Irrigation
--Reclamation
What methods are used to
--Terracing
maximize output with small --Multiple Cropping and Crop Rotation
land? --Polyculture
--Genetic of interspecific diversity
A practice that dates all the way back to the Incas,
What is reclamation?
rivers become channelized to reclaim land, or make
all land viable for crop-growing.
A way to utilize slopes in order to protect soil. Terraces
What is terracing?
are built into the slopes which helps with runoff impact.
When two or more crops are planted in the same field
during the same year (not exactly at the same time).
--Example: Corn, beans and squash are the
What is multiple cropping?
Mesoamerican Crop Trilogy that typically get planted
together.
When two or more crops are planted in the same field
What is polyculture?
at the same time (not in rows but all mixed together).
When multiple varieties of the same crop are grown in
What is genetic or interspecific
diversity? What are its benefits? fairly the same space. This helps with crop resilience
and lessens the impact of pests.
/ 2/33
,9/30/25, 2:26 PM GEOG 350
Where was corn first Corn was first domesticated in Mexico.
domesticated? Where were Potatoes were first domesticated in the Andes.
potatoes first
domesticated?
What is meant by intimate --Agriculture which is not based on science or technology.
knowledge of the land? --Instead based on centuries of experimentation,
What are the three main practical experience and accumulated knowledge.
components?
--A pivotal scholar of Geography
--He believed that the Green Revolution was created for
Who was Carl O. Saur and
the appreciation of native economies as being
what did he believe?
basically sound
--He believed that the traditionalists were very
knowledgeable and not savages, primitive, less-than,
etc.
1. Harvest
2. Food Security
What are the five primary
3. Need for stability
concerns for small 4. Need for survival
farmers? 5. Need for crops to be risk adverse
1. Commercialization
2. Population and poverty induced resource constraints
What are the five challenges
3. Colonization of tropical lowland ecosystems
in a globalized world? 4. Drug cultivation
5. Migration
What is the outcome of Everybody wants money or economic opportunities.
commercialization?
What is the leading cause of Falling off of hillsides is one of the main ways cattle die.
cattle deaths? What does However, inequality of land access causes people to
this have to do with seek slopes to place their plots on.
poverty?
Why do people move to To seek work -- particularly in agriculture.
tropical lowland
ecosystems?
--Coca leaves make cocaine -- but can be chewed by
What plant makes cocaine?
Natives and only have mild effects
What plant makes heroin?
--Poppies make heroin
/ 3/33
, 9/30/25, 2:26 PM GEOG 350
--People migrate to find seasonal and local off-farm
wage labor -- we are now adapted to looking for jobs
What are the main causes for and money.
migration? --People migrate from rural to urban areas as well
--People who are not making much money with farm
work also migrate internationally (particularly to the
US)
What is a cash remittance, People move to other countries and send the money the make
what does it from their new,
have to do with international foreign jobs back to their homes and those they left behind. This
migration and what is the is known as cash
remittances. The total remittances to Latin America (money sent
total remittances to Latin
back) is $142 billion.
America today?
What is the second The Green Revolution or advent of scientific, modern or industrial
agricultural revolution? agriculture.
1. High yielding, genetically improved hybrid (miracle) seeds
2. Chemical fertilizer
What are the components of 3. Pesticides
the Green Revolution
4. Irrigation
Technical Package?
5. Mechanization
What is hybridization in Plant selection and cross breeding for desired traits -- the
agriculture? transfer of genes between varieties of the same species under
laboratory conditions.
True or false, fertilizer was True, but now it is used in large-scale quantities.
always used in agriculture? From 1950-2000 there was about a 4.5x increase in per/hectare
use of fertilizer.
What are pesticides? Chemical treatments for pests, known as chemical intensive
agriculture.
What is mechanization? The industrialization of agriculture.
What are the results of the --Global grain yields have gone up nearly 3x since 1950.
Green --Per capita food production is up 25%.
Revolution Technical Package --However, the land area dedicated to agriculture remains about
components all put together? the same, it is simply more productive now.
What is the Centro The International Center for Improvement of Corn and Wheat is
Internacional para el located in Yaqui Valley, Mexico and is also known as CIMMYT.
Mejoramiento de Maiz y The project called for damming the rivers so that the valley
Trigo? What is its could be irrigated (the rivers are somewhere else but still impact
acronym? What does this the far-away valley).
mean in English? Where is it
located?
/ 4/33
GEOG 350 Final Exam Notes 2025-2026\LATEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED
ANSWERS\VERIFIED ANSWERS \ALREADY GRADED A+
Terms in this set (317)
What country has the lowest The United States has 1% of its labor force in
percentage of its labor agriculture. (although there are many other countries
force in agriculture? What that also have 1%)
is it? Mali has 80% of its labor force in agriculture.
What about the highest
percentage?
What was the first The domestication of plants and animals about 10,000
agricultural revolution and years ago in multiple parts of the world. This coincides
when did it first take with traditional smallholder agriculture.
place?
How much of the world's About 1/3 of the world's population
people are still involved in
smallholder agriculture
today?
--Small holdings (2-3 acres and always less than 25 acres)
What are the characteristics --Labor intensive -- community oriented
of smallholder agriculture? --Different economic rational -- workers are not paid
--High yields per acre -- land does not sit idle
What type of farms have the Smallholder farming plots
highest output per land
space?
True or false, most farms in False, most are small farms.
Peru are large farms?
/ 1/33
,9/30/25, 2:26 PM GEOG 350
--Fertilization
--Irrigation
--Reclamation
What methods are used to
--Terracing
maximize output with small --Multiple Cropping and Crop Rotation
land? --Polyculture
--Genetic of interspecific diversity
A practice that dates all the way back to the Incas,
What is reclamation?
rivers become channelized to reclaim land, or make
all land viable for crop-growing.
A way to utilize slopes in order to protect soil. Terraces
What is terracing?
are built into the slopes which helps with runoff impact.
When two or more crops are planted in the same field
during the same year (not exactly at the same time).
--Example: Corn, beans and squash are the
What is multiple cropping?
Mesoamerican Crop Trilogy that typically get planted
together.
When two or more crops are planted in the same field
What is polyculture?
at the same time (not in rows but all mixed together).
When multiple varieties of the same crop are grown in
What is genetic or interspecific
diversity? What are its benefits? fairly the same space. This helps with crop resilience
and lessens the impact of pests.
/ 2/33
,9/30/25, 2:26 PM GEOG 350
Where was corn first Corn was first domesticated in Mexico.
domesticated? Where were Potatoes were first domesticated in the Andes.
potatoes first
domesticated?
What is meant by intimate --Agriculture which is not based on science or technology.
knowledge of the land? --Instead based on centuries of experimentation,
What are the three main practical experience and accumulated knowledge.
components?
--A pivotal scholar of Geography
--He believed that the Green Revolution was created for
Who was Carl O. Saur and
the appreciation of native economies as being
what did he believe?
basically sound
--He believed that the traditionalists were very
knowledgeable and not savages, primitive, less-than,
etc.
1. Harvest
2. Food Security
What are the five primary
3. Need for stability
concerns for small 4. Need for survival
farmers? 5. Need for crops to be risk adverse
1. Commercialization
2. Population and poverty induced resource constraints
What are the five challenges
3. Colonization of tropical lowland ecosystems
in a globalized world? 4. Drug cultivation
5. Migration
What is the outcome of Everybody wants money or economic opportunities.
commercialization?
What is the leading cause of Falling off of hillsides is one of the main ways cattle die.
cattle deaths? What does However, inequality of land access causes people to
this have to do with seek slopes to place their plots on.
poverty?
Why do people move to To seek work -- particularly in agriculture.
tropical lowland
ecosystems?
--Coca leaves make cocaine -- but can be chewed by
What plant makes cocaine?
Natives and only have mild effects
What plant makes heroin?
--Poppies make heroin
/ 3/33
, 9/30/25, 2:26 PM GEOG 350
--People migrate to find seasonal and local off-farm
wage labor -- we are now adapted to looking for jobs
What are the main causes for and money.
migration? --People migrate from rural to urban areas as well
--People who are not making much money with farm
work also migrate internationally (particularly to the
US)
What is a cash remittance, People move to other countries and send the money the make
what does it from their new,
have to do with international foreign jobs back to their homes and those they left behind. This
migration and what is the is known as cash
remittances. The total remittances to Latin America (money sent
total remittances to Latin
back) is $142 billion.
America today?
What is the second The Green Revolution or advent of scientific, modern or industrial
agricultural revolution? agriculture.
1. High yielding, genetically improved hybrid (miracle) seeds
2. Chemical fertilizer
What are the components of 3. Pesticides
the Green Revolution
4. Irrigation
Technical Package?
5. Mechanization
What is hybridization in Plant selection and cross breeding for desired traits -- the
agriculture? transfer of genes between varieties of the same species under
laboratory conditions.
True or false, fertilizer was True, but now it is used in large-scale quantities.
always used in agriculture? From 1950-2000 there was about a 4.5x increase in per/hectare
use of fertilizer.
What are pesticides? Chemical treatments for pests, known as chemical intensive
agriculture.
What is mechanization? The industrialization of agriculture.
What are the results of the --Global grain yields have gone up nearly 3x since 1950.
Green --Per capita food production is up 25%.
Revolution Technical Package --However, the land area dedicated to agriculture remains about
components all put together? the same, it is simply more productive now.
What is the Centro The International Center for Improvement of Corn and Wheat is
Internacional para el located in Yaqui Valley, Mexico and is also known as CIMMYT.
Mejoramiento de Maiz y The project called for damming the rivers so that the valley
Trigo? What is its could be irrigated (the rivers are somewhere else but still impact
acronym? What does this the far-away valley).
mean in English? Where is it
located?
/ 4/33
