NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
1. Asthma
Answer Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
2. What are 5 s/s of asthma
Answer coughing wheezing
shortness of
breath rapid
breathing
chest tightness
3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Answer -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
4. Bronchioles
Answer smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
5. 3 layers of the bronchioles
Answer innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6. lamina propria
Answer the middle layer of the bronchioles
7. structure of the lamina propria
Answer embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
8. purpose of the lamina propria
Answer white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
9. How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Answer the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
10. What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
11. What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer smooth muscle cells 12. what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do:
control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
13. alveolar hyperinflation
Answer When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial
walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
14. how does hyperinflation occur?
Answer the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
15. Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Answer -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2) -
respiratory acidosis
16 What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Answer tiotropium and ipratropium
17. What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
Answer These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
18. MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Answer the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the
vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
19. Bronchitis
Answer inflammation of the bronchial tubes
20. 3 characteristics of bronchitis
Answer bronchial inflammation hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for
at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
21. Perfusion
Answer The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
22. results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion
Answer cyanosis right to left shunting chronic hypoxemia
23. Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis
1. Asthma
Answer Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
2. What are 5 s/s of asthma
Answer coughing wheezing
shortness of
breath rapid
breathing
chest tightness
3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Answer -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
4. Bronchioles
Answer smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
5. 3 layers of the bronchioles
Answer innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6. lamina propria
Answer the middle layer of the bronchioles
7. structure of the lamina propria
Answer embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
8. purpose of the lamina propria
Answer white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
9. How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Answer the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
10. What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
11. What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Answer smooth muscle cells 12. what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do:
control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
13. alveolar hyperinflation
Answer When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial
walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
14. how does hyperinflation occur?
Answer the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
15. Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Answer -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2) -
respiratory acidosis
16 What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Answer tiotropium and ipratropium
17. What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
Answer These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE
18. MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Answer the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the
vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
19. Bronchitis
Answer inflammation of the bronchial tubes
20. 3 characteristics of bronchitis
Answer bronchial inflammation hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for
at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
21. Perfusion
Answer The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
22. results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion
Answer cyanosis right to left shunting chronic hypoxemia
23. Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis
