Test Bank for Sociology in Our Times
assimilation - ANSWERSa process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups
become absorbed into the dominant culture.
authoritarian personality – ANSWERSa personality type characterized by excessive conformity,
submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid,
stereotypic thinking.
discrimination - ANSWERSactions or practices of dominant-group members (or their
representatives) that have a harmful effect on members of a subordinate group.
dominant group - ANSWERSa group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in
a society.
ethnic group - ANSWERSa collection of people distinguished, by others or by themselves,
primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.
ethnic pluralism - ANSWERSa collection of people distinguished, by others or by themselves,
primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.
gendered racism - ANSWERSthe interactive effect of racism and sexism on the exploitation of
women of color.
genocide - ANSWERSthe deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
individual discrimination - ANSWERSbehavior consisting of one-on-one acts by members of the
dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property.
, institutional discrimination - ANSWERSthe day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions
that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.
prejudice - ANSWERSa negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of
selected racial and ethnic groups.
race - ANSWERSa category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on
the basis of physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape.
racism - ANSWERSa set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior
treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic
group.
scapegoat - ANSWERSa person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility or
aggression of others.
segregation - ANSWERSthe spatial and social separation of categories of people by race,
ethnicity, class, gender, and/or religion.
split labor market - ANSWERSa term used to describe the division of the economy into two
areas of employment, a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher-paid (usually
dominant group) workers in more-secure jobs, and a secondary sector or lower tier, composed
of lower-paid (often subordinate-group) workers in jobs with little security and hazardous
working conditions.
stereotypes - ANSWERSovergeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other
characteristics of members of particular categories.
subordinate group - ANSWERSa group whose members, because of physical or cultural
characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group
and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.
assimilation - ANSWERSa process by which members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups
become absorbed into the dominant culture.
authoritarian personality – ANSWERSa personality type characterized by excessive conformity,
submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid,
stereotypic thinking.
discrimination - ANSWERSactions or practices of dominant-group members (or their
representatives) that have a harmful effect on members of a subordinate group.
dominant group - ANSWERSa group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in
a society.
ethnic group - ANSWERSa collection of people distinguished, by others or by themselves,
primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.
ethnic pluralism - ANSWERSa collection of people distinguished, by others or by themselves,
primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.
gendered racism - ANSWERSthe interactive effect of racism and sexism on the exploitation of
women of color.
genocide - ANSWERSthe deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
individual discrimination - ANSWERSbehavior consisting of one-on-one acts by members of the
dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property.
, institutional discrimination - ANSWERSthe day-to-day practices of organizations and institutions
that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.
prejudice - ANSWERSa negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of
selected racial and ethnic groups.
race - ANSWERSa category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on
the basis of physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape.
racism - ANSWERSa set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior
treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic
group.
scapegoat - ANSWERSa person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility or
aggression of others.
segregation - ANSWERSthe spatial and social separation of categories of people by race,
ethnicity, class, gender, and/or religion.
split labor market - ANSWERSa term used to describe the division of the economy into two
areas of employment, a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher-paid (usually
dominant group) workers in more-secure jobs, and a secondary sector or lower tier, composed
of lower-paid (often subordinate-group) workers in jobs with little security and hazardous
working conditions.
stereotypes - ANSWERSovergeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other
characteristics of members of particular categories.
subordinate group - ANSWERSa group whose members, because of physical or cultural
characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group
and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.
