Bio 200 Midterm Exam Questions and
Answers
hydroxyl group - ANSWER-consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom
OH, polar
ex: ethanol
carbonyl group - ANSWER-C=O, polar
ex: methanal
carboxyl group - ANSWER-COOH
organic acids
amino group - ANSWER-acts as a base
can pick up a H+
NH2
sulfhydryl group - ANSWER-thiol
form a covalent bond
SH
methyl group - ANSWER-CH3
addition of a methyl group to DNA molecules
phosphate group - ANSWER--(PO4)
-a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms;
-important in energy transfer.
living matter - ANSWER-has Carbon
hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Biomacromolecules - ANSWER-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is function of carbohydrates? - ANSWER-provide energy
subunit of carbohydrates - ANSWER-monosaccharides (disaccharides,
polySaccharides)
What are monosaccharides? - ANSWER--Simple sugars: glucose, fructose,
galactose
-CH2O that has a 1:1 ratio
, Dissacharides - ANSWER-A sugar containing two monosaccharides.
Example: sucrose which is fructose + glucose.
formed during dehydartion
Glysocidic linkeage
Polysaccharides - ANSWER-Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides
-ex: starch & glycogen
-storage form of sugar
- Cllulose & Chitin
functions of lipids - ANSWER-Insulation, energy storage, structural (cholesterol and
phoslipids in membrane), endocrine
The subunit of lipids are? - ANSWER-Glycerol & fatty acids
Triglycerols - ANSWER-glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains attached
examples of lipids - ANSWER-fats, oils, waxes, steroids, phospholipids
Steroids - ANSWER-lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four
fused rings
What is a polypeptide? - ANSWER-long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
What is a saturated fat? - ANSWER-The fatty acids of the lipids contain no double
bonds.
What is unsaturated fat? - ANSWER-double bonds between carbons (oils)
what are neutral fats? - ANSWER-Fatty acids in form of triglycerides
What are the functions of proteins? - ANSWER-structural support, storage, transport,
cellular communications, movement, defense against foreign substances
What is the subunit of proteins? - ANSWER-amino acids
have 20 amino acids
what do proteins have? - ANSWER-carboxyl group & amino group
What is the primary structure of a protein? - ANSWER-sequence of amino acids
ex; Lysozyme, collagen
what is the secondary structure of a protein? - ANSWER-forms structural proteins -
helix and pleated sheets
What is tertiary structure? - ANSWER-The interaction between R groups.
These are the hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions (a.k.a. van
der Waals interactions)
Answers
hydroxyl group - ANSWER-consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom
OH, polar
ex: ethanol
carbonyl group - ANSWER-C=O, polar
ex: methanal
carboxyl group - ANSWER-COOH
organic acids
amino group - ANSWER-acts as a base
can pick up a H+
NH2
sulfhydryl group - ANSWER-thiol
form a covalent bond
SH
methyl group - ANSWER-CH3
addition of a methyl group to DNA molecules
phosphate group - ANSWER--(PO4)
-a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms;
-important in energy transfer.
living matter - ANSWER-has Carbon
hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Biomacromolecules - ANSWER-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is function of carbohydrates? - ANSWER-provide energy
subunit of carbohydrates - ANSWER-monosaccharides (disaccharides,
polySaccharides)
What are monosaccharides? - ANSWER--Simple sugars: glucose, fructose,
galactose
-CH2O that has a 1:1 ratio
, Dissacharides - ANSWER-A sugar containing two monosaccharides.
Example: sucrose which is fructose + glucose.
formed during dehydartion
Glysocidic linkeage
Polysaccharides - ANSWER-Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides
-ex: starch & glycogen
-storage form of sugar
- Cllulose & Chitin
functions of lipids - ANSWER-Insulation, energy storage, structural (cholesterol and
phoslipids in membrane), endocrine
The subunit of lipids are? - ANSWER-Glycerol & fatty acids
Triglycerols - ANSWER-glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains attached
examples of lipids - ANSWER-fats, oils, waxes, steroids, phospholipids
Steroids - ANSWER-lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four
fused rings
What is a polypeptide? - ANSWER-long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
What is a saturated fat? - ANSWER-The fatty acids of the lipids contain no double
bonds.
What is unsaturated fat? - ANSWER-double bonds between carbons (oils)
what are neutral fats? - ANSWER-Fatty acids in form of triglycerides
What are the functions of proteins? - ANSWER-structural support, storage, transport,
cellular communications, movement, defense against foreign substances
What is the subunit of proteins? - ANSWER-amino acids
have 20 amino acids
what do proteins have? - ANSWER-carboxyl group & amino group
What is the primary structure of a protein? - ANSWER-sequence of amino acids
ex; Lysozyme, collagen
what is the secondary structure of a protein? - ANSWER-forms structural proteins -
helix and pleated sheets
What is tertiary structure? - ANSWER-The interaction between R groups.
These are the hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions (a.k.a. van
der Waals interactions)
