Developmental stage of toddler as per Erickson
- Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
o Toddlers learns independence; fears loss of control; ritual are important
What is regression? Rationalization?
- Regression: return to earlier behavior
- Rationalization:
Age when child should be able to say “dada/mama”
- By 9 months child should be saying “dada/mama” nonspecifically
What is parallel play? Associative play? Solitary play?
- Parallel play: infants
- Associative play: toddlers
- Solitary play: preschoolers
At what age do the fontanels close?
- Posterior fontanel: closes by 2 months
- Anterior fontanel: closes by 18 months
You should know that pain is subjective and you should treat based on what patient
says
- Assess the patients pain using age specific tools
o FLACC, FACES, NRS and any behavioral cues
Know the pain assessment tools for all ages
- FLACC: infants to toddlers
- FACES: 3 years to older
- Numerical: school age and older
How to involve preschool child in hospital provide them with the equipment so they
can play
- Use medical play with real or toy equipment to make them feel more comfortable
School age child, promote sense of industry- allow child to assist
- Allow them to participate in care, routines, and decision making
This study source was downloaded by 100000898062787 from CourseHero.com on 09-30-2025 12:03:19 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250837750/peds-test-1-blueprint-pdf/
, How to decrease stress in hospitalized toddlers- parent stay with child
- Encourage parental presence, comfort items, routine
How do preschoolers understand death/ react to death
- Sees death as temporary reversible
- May think its punishment
- Must be clear
What is cystic fibrosis and clinical manifestations in newborn?
- It is an autosomal recessive disorder
- Clinical manifestations
o Meconium ileus
o Salty skin
o Failutr to thrive
Environmental control of asthma management
- Avoid triggers
o Dust
o Smoke
o Pets
o Cold air
- Use HEPA filters and humidity control
Epiglottitis can be prevented by what vaccination
- HIB (haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine
How to position a child when in acute respiratory distress
- Place patient is upright/high fowler’s position or sitting on caregiver’s lap
Indication that infant respirations is getting worse
- Nasal flaring
- Grunting
- Intercostal retractions
- Cyanosis
- Lethargy
This study source was downloaded by 100000898062787 from CourseHero.com on 09-30-2025 12:03:19 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250837750/peds-test-1-blueprint-pdf/
- Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
o Toddlers learns independence; fears loss of control; ritual are important
What is regression? Rationalization?
- Regression: return to earlier behavior
- Rationalization:
Age when child should be able to say “dada/mama”
- By 9 months child should be saying “dada/mama” nonspecifically
What is parallel play? Associative play? Solitary play?
- Parallel play: infants
- Associative play: toddlers
- Solitary play: preschoolers
At what age do the fontanels close?
- Posterior fontanel: closes by 2 months
- Anterior fontanel: closes by 18 months
You should know that pain is subjective and you should treat based on what patient
says
- Assess the patients pain using age specific tools
o FLACC, FACES, NRS and any behavioral cues
Know the pain assessment tools for all ages
- FLACC: infants to toddlers
- FACES: 3 years to older
- Numerical: school age and older
How to involve preschool child in hospital provide them with the equipment so they
can play
- Use medical play with real or toy equipment to make them feel more comfortable
School age child, promote sense of industry- allow child to assist
- Allow them to participate in care, routines, and decision making
This study source was downloaded by 100000898062787 from CourseHero.com on 09-30-2025 12:03:19 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250837750/peds-test-1-blueprint-pdf/
, How to decrease stress in hospitalized toddlers- parent stay with child
- Encourage parental presence, comfort items, routine
How do preschoolers understand death/ react to death
- Sees death as temporary reversible
- May think its punishment
- Must be clear
What is cystic fibrosis and clinical manifestations in newborn?
- It is an autosomal recessive disorder
- Clinical manifestations
o Meconium ileus
o Salty skin
o Failutr to thrive
Environmental control of asthma management
- Avoid triggers
o Dust
o Smoke
o Pets
o Cold air
- Use HEPA filters and humidity control
Epiglottitis can be prevented by what vaccination
- HIB (haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine
How to position a child when in acute respiratory distress
- Place patient is upright/high fowler’s position or sitting on caregiver’s lap
Indication that infant respirations is getting worse
- Nasal flaring
- Grunting
- Intercostal retractions
- Cyanosis
- Lethargy
This study source was downloaded by 100000898062787 from CourseHero.com on 09-30-2025 12:03:19 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/250837750/peds-test-1-blueprint-pdf/
