ESPM 50AC Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers 2025|
2026 Late Update!!
1. UNIT III
2. Hispano
culture, social
organiza- tion
and land-
scapes
3. Geography
and climate: -Sangre de Christos in New Mexico, part of the rocky mountains, to the east
Sangre de of the Rio Grande
Christos, Rio
Grande,
aridity -Rio Grande is the base of most of the communal land grants, other
tributaries that feed into the Rio Grande.
-Pueblo Indians lived along the Rio Grande
-arid climate: dry.
-dry in the summer
-tremendous thunderstorms in the fall
-snow settled in the high country in the winter
-snow comes down as it melts in the spring.
-9 micro-ecosystems
-spacial diversity: series of ecosystems moving up in altitude, somewhat
aware of some of the ecosystems.
-seasonal diversity
-high country with very juicy grasses, very productive areas, high plains,
good grazing
spruce fir forests: grasses were grazed in the highlands, spruce/fir would
invade.
-Ponderosa pine forest: fire management issues.
-Pinyon juniper trees: moving into the lowlands, dry sage brush.
1/
58
, ESPM 50AC Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers 2025|
2026 Late Update!!
-*importance of mountains, nature as an active force, really shape the way
people settle in this area
4. Hispano -limited social stratification: people found shame in trying to get ahead.
commu- nalism
-reflect and rationalize social organization in Hispano communities
-long term survival is the key idea, culture of communalism facilitates this,
focus on the community over the individual, Church as a means of
integrating everybody
-Hispano subsistence pastorialism
-village-based: division of labor based on gender and status, tech mainly
irrigation (acequias) and animals
-transhumance
5. Querencia connection to place and land
6. Verguenza -Verguenza: shame for exploiting others, self-restraint, basic set of values,
don't try to hoard the limited amount of common pool resources
-all integrated into a kinship based society, related to all the people you
live with, focused on not only people, but one's relationship with god and
nature, reverence and modesty in god and natural resources, not
seeking to overexploit them
-identity liked to place: people were very tied to their homelands,
intertwined, wanted to stay with their traditional cultural lands,
intersubjective relationship with nature
7. Land grants:
community, -land grants given out by Spanish crown, Mexican government, given to
pri- vate an individual, survey would be done, take land for the community, build
grazing
2/
58
, ESPM 50AC Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers 2025|
2026 Late Update!!
certain infrastructure,
acequias, church, square,
etc..
acquire weapons to
protect themselves from
raiders.
3/
58
, ESPM 50AC Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers 2025|
2026 Late Update!!
"Community grants. Title was issued without fee to one person in the
name of a group (typically comprising ten to a few dozen families), to
establish a commu- nity and entitling community members to equal
access to all common land and resources on the grant. Settlers'homes
and garden plots were granted as private property, which was alienable
after four years of living on the land. Ownership of private property in the
village carried rights to the common land that surrounded the village, as
well as the acequia and other infrastructure in the village. The commons
(ejido) was understood to be available to all community members for
grazing cattle and sheep, gathering firewood and logs for building,
hunting wild game, and gathering other resources, such as herbs and
stone."
Private title given to homesteads and agricultural plots in the village for each
family, and everything else was communal, so if you had an agriculture
plot/homestead, you had access to the commons.
10 to 100 families, only one person's name on the title
-individual represents the whole community
8. private grazing -private grazing grant given by Mexican government: American perception
of
manifest destiny was going to strike some military action
-began commercial orientation with private grazing, commercialization,
increase in population.
-fortifying position "if the Americans come, at least it stays in Mexican
hands", reflection of the commercial revolution.
"Grazing grants: These were issues primarily by the Mexican
government to wealthy individuals (sometimes as for cash payments) to
establish private livestock ranches. This was typical of the types of land
grants that were issued in California, for instance. The grant did not
require the title holder to live on the land. The goals of the Mexican
2026 Late Update!!
1. UNIT III
2. Hispano
culture, social
organiza- tion
and land-
scapes
3. Geography
and climate: -Sangre de Christos in New Mexico, part of the rocky mountains, to the east
Sangre de of the Rio Grande
Christos, Rio
Grande,
aridity -Rio Grande is the base of most of the communal land grants, other
tributaries that feed into the Rio Grande.
-Pueblo Indians lived along the Rio Grande
-arid climate: dry.
-dry in the summer
-tremendous thunderstorms in the fall
-snow settled in the high country in the winter
-snow comes down as it melts in the spring.
-9 micro-ecosystems
-spacial diversity: series of ecosystems moving up in altitude, somewhat
aware of some of the ecosystems.
-seasonal diversity
-high country with very juicy grasses, very productive areas, high plains,
good grazing
spruce fir forests: grasses were grazed in the highlands, spruce/fir would
invade.
-Ponderosa pine forest: fire management issues.
-Pinyon juniper trees: moving into the lowlands, dry sage brush.
1/
58
, ESPM 50AC Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers 2025|
2026 Late Update!!
-*importance of mountains, nature as an active force, really shape the way
people settle in this area
4. Hispano -limited social stratification: people found shame in trying to get ahead.
commu- nalism
-reflect and rationalize social organization in Hispano communities
-long term survival is the key idea, culture of communalism facilitates this,
focus on the community over the individual, Church as a means of
integrating everybody
-Hispano subsistence pastorialism
-village-based: division of labor based on gender and status, tech mainly
irrigation (acequias) and animals
-transhumance
5. Querencia connection to place and land
6. Verguenza -Verguenza: shame for exploiting others, self-restraint, basic set of values,
don't try to hoard the limited amount of common pool resources
-all integrated into a kinship based society, related to all the people you
live with, focused on not only people, but one's relationship with god and
nature, reverence and modesty in god and natural resources, not
seeking to overexploit them
-identity liked to place: people were very tied to their homelands,
intertwined, wanted to stay with their traditional cultural lands,
intersubjective relationship with nature
7. Land grants:
community, -land grants given out by Spanish crown, Mexican government, given to
pri- vate an individual, survey would be done, take land for the community, build
grazing
2/
58
, ESPM 50AC Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers 2025|
2026 Late Update!!
certain infrastructure,
acequias, church, square,
etc..
acquire weapons to
protect themselves from
raiders.
3/
58
, ESPM 50AC Final Exam Questions With All Correct Answers 2025|
2026 Late Update!!
"Community grants. Title was issued without fee to one person in the
name of a group (typically comprising ten to a few dozen families), to
establish a commu- nity and entitling community members to equal
access to all common land and resources on the grant. Settlers'homes
and garden plots were granted as private property, which was alienable
after four years of living on the land. Ownership of private property in the
village carried rights to the common land that surrounded the village, as
well as the acequia and other infrastructure in the village. The commons
(ejido) was understood to be available to all community members for
grazing cattle and sheep, gathering firewood and logs for building,
hunting wild game, and gathering other resources, such as herbs and
stone."
Private title given to homesteads and agricultural plots in the village for each
family, and everything else was communal, so if you had an agriculture
plot/homestead, you had access to the commons.
10 to 100 families, only one person's name on the title
-individual represents the whole community
8. private grazing -private grazing grant given by Mexican government: American perception
of
manifest destiny was going to strike some military action
-began commercial orientation with private grazing, commercialization,
increase in population.
-fortifying position "if the Americans come, at least it stays in Mexican
hands", reflection of the commercial revolution.
"Grazing grants: These were issues primarily by the Mexican
government to wealthy individuals (sometimes as for cash payments) to
establish private livestock ranches. This was typical of the types of land
grants that were issued in California, for instance. The grant did not
require the title holder to live on the land. The goals of the Mexican
