ANTHRO 101 Exam 2 (chivens)
Questions And Answers
/. What is the study of biological anthropology about? - Answer-✅- They study humans
in the same way biologists study other living organisms.
- Search for genes that make us human.
- Investigate how we adapt to diff environments. investigate the concept of race
/.Why do anthropologists study non-human primates? - Answer-✅-Primates provide the
standard to assess human uniqueness
-primates inform us about the changes that must have taken place during the course of
our own evolution
/.Homologies - Answer-✅the similarities used to assign organisms to the same taxon,
similarities they have jointly inherited from a common ancestor.
/.Basic Primate characteristics - Answer-✅-grasping
-smell to sight
-nose to hand
-brain complexity
-parental investment
-sociality
/.What do human non-human homologies indicate? - Answer-✅evidence of
relationships of apes and humans sharing a common ancestor. Specific to apes and
humans
/.How do chimpanzees and bonobo social behavior differ? - Answer-✅bonobo are
female centered. They have non-reproductive sex. Strongest social bonds with females.
Chimpanzees have complex social relationships. more close social networks of males.
/.In what ways are primates similar to humans? (7-8 things) - Answer-✅-tool use
-reassurance
-begging
-complex social relationships
-social bonds
-coalitonary behavior
-territoriality
-non-reproductive functions of sex
, /.What is a hominin?....(include when they appear) - Answer-✅member of the human
lineage after its split from ancestral chimps. include s all human species that have ever
existed, including the extinct ones.
5.8 MYA
/.Basic early hominin chronology/taxonomy...(know the basic order) - Answer-✅1.
ardipithecus (ape-like, bipedal)
2. australopithecus anamensis ( larger than Ardipithecus, large molars)
3. australopithecus afarensis (sharp ape-like canines, but large back molars, brain size
similar to chimpanzee, bipedal, "Lucy," 40% of a complete skeleton)
4. A. Africanus (gracile) (found in south africa, trend towards even larger back teeth)
5. A. Garhi (evidence of pebble tools)
6. A. Boisei/A. robustus (even larger back teeth/jaw, from cutting to grinding, sagittal
crest, flaring cheek bones (zygomatic arch)
7. homo habilis (overlaps with robustus/boisei, all fossils found in africa)
/.defining characterisitcs of hominin line? - Answer-✅1. bipedalism- upright, two legged
locomotion
2. brain, skulls and childhood dependency- adaption of pelvis to accommodate both
birth and 2 legs.
3. tools against predators
4. teeth- large back teeth and thick enamel.
5. cooperation/planning
/.Skeletal changes and bidepelaism: - Answer-✅relocation of foramen magnum (hole at
the base of skull)/ Spine curvature to acccount for bipedalism. Move towards center of
the skull
/.How are brain size, pelvic shape, and bidepalism related when it comes to child birth -
Answer-✅large birth canals b/c large skulls...bipedalism requires strong pelivc support.
increasing brain to body ratio as well.
/.When does the Homo genus appear? - Answer-✅2.4 Mya
/.Which hominins lived only in Africa? - Answer-✅all australopithecines and all H.Habilis
fossils are found in Africa
/.Sagital Crest - Answer-✅ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top
skull. Indicates that there are exceptionally strong jaw muscles.
/.Zygomathic Arch - Answer-✅arch of cheek bones which can be flaring or not
depending on diet.
/.Did Homo overlap with other hominins? - Answer-✅Yes, Robustis/boisei
Questions And Answers
/. What is the study of biological anthropology about? - Answer-✅- They study humans
in the same way biologists study other living organisms.
- Search for genes that make us human.
- Investigate how we adapt to diff environments. investigate the concept of race
/.Why do anthropologists study non-human primates? - Answer-✅-Primates provide the
standard to assess human uniqueness
-primates inform us about the changes that must have taken place during the course of
our own evolution
/.Homologies - Answer-✅the similarities used to assign organisms to the same taxon,
similarities they have jointly inherited from a common ancestor.
/.Basic Primate characteristics - Answer-✅-grasping
-smell to sight
-nose to hand
-brain complexity
-parental investment
-sociality
/.What do human non-human homologies indicate? - Answer-✅evidence of
relationships of apes and humans sharing a common ancestor. Specific to apes and
humans
/.How do chimpanzees and bonobo social behavior differ? - Answer-✅bonobo are
female centered. They have non-reproductive sex. Strongest social bonds with females.
Chimpanzees have complex social relationships. more close social networks of males.
/.In what ways are primates similar to humans? (7-8 things) - Answer-✅-tool use
-reassurance
-begging
-complex social relationships
-social bonds
-coalitonary behavior
-territoriality
-non-reproductive functions of sex
, /.What is a hominin?....(include when they appear) - Answer-✅member of the human
lineage after its split from ancestral chimps. include s all human species that have ever
existed, including the extinct ones.
5.8 MYA
/.Basic early hominin chronology/taxonomy...(know the basic order) - Answer-✅1.
ardipithecus (ape-like, bipedal)
2. australopithecus anamensis ( larger than Ardipithecus, large molars)
3. australopithecus afarensis (sharp ape-like canines, but large back molars, brain size
similar to chimpanzee, bipedal, "Lucy," 40% of a complete skeleton)
4. A. Africanus (gracile) (found in south africa, trend towards even larger back teeth)
5. A. Garhi (evidence of pebble tools)
6. A. Boisei/A. robustus (even larger back teeth/jaw, from cutting to grinding, sagittal
crest, flaring cheek bones (zygomatic arch)
7. homo habilis (overlaps with robustus/boisei, all fossils found in africa)
/.defining characterisitcs of hominin line? - Answer-✅1. bipedalism- upright, two legged
locomotion
2. brain, skulls and childhood dependency- adaption of pelvis to accommodate both
birth and 2 legs.
3. tools against predators
4. teeth- large back teeth and thick enamel.
5. cooperation/planning
/.Skeletal changes and bidepelaism: - Answer-✅relocation of foramen magnum (hole at
the base of skull)/ Spine curvature to acccount for bipedalism. Move towards center of
the skull
/.How are brain size, pelvic shape, and bidepalism related when it comes to child birth -
Answer-✅large birth canals b/c large skulls...bipedalism requires strong pelivc support.
increasing brain to body ratio as well.
/.When does the Homo genus appear? - Answer-✅2.4 Mya
/.Which hominins lived only in Africa? - Answer-✅all australopithecines and all H.Habilis
fossils are found in Africa
/.Sagital Crest - Answer-✅ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top
skull. Indicates that there are exceptionally strong jaw muscles.
/.Zygomathic Arch - Answer-✅arch of cheek bones which can be flaring or not
depending on diet.
/.Did Homo overlap with other hominins? - Answer-✅Yes, Robustis/boisei
