Basics Of Medicine
, Vertebral Column
·
Zygophysial joints are synovial joints that may develop osteoarthritis
wage or trauma .
·
Herniation of 24-L5 dusk will impact the LS Spinal nerve .
· Posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments prevent disc herniationsns .
*
usually compress the Spinal Lord and Cauda equina .
· Intervertebral discs one absent in C1/C2 .
·
Anulus fibrosis is firmly attached to the both
longitudinal ligaments .
· Herinated does
usually occur in lumbar (L4/15 or LS/S1) of individuals younger than age 50 .
↳ usually involve transversing root .
Lumbar zygopophysial joints may be denervated by percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy (percutaneous
shizolysis /
surgical or
·
rhizotomy) > Relieves-
back pain
·
Spondylosis- >
Osteophyte formation at the periphery of the vertebral bodies where they join the IV discs
·
NTDs > -
44X-fetoprotein levels in maternal Serum (MSAFP)
↳ incomple Jusion of Vertebral arches Ch5 and S1) ·
Us Odontonium > When the body of the
-
·
(1- > Atlas [No vertebral body ,
No Spinous process] axis's ossification and the den's ossification
(2 > Axis
fail fuse
-
centers to .
17 >
-
Vertebral promiens
·
Dislocations without fracture only occus only in Cervical Spine .
·
Whiplash >
-
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis >
-
Stretches the ant .
longitudinal ligament
·
Hangman fracture > Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of
-
C2
· Failure of
Segmentation of Cervical vertebrae > -
Klieppel-Feil Syndrome
·
Demifacet -
>
·
Traumatic Vertebral injury - Dislocation I fracture because the enticular
facet joints are
arranged vertically .
·
Aortic aneurysms can cause left sided elosion on bodie of TS-TE
·
Pars interacticularis (humban >
-
Common site for Vertebral fractures .
·
Spondylolisthesis - > Bilateral
defect Cauda equina maybe affected
↳ Mild be
may compress the Spinal the lower limbs
cases can
asymptomatic and back .
> in
nerves and cause pain
-
·
Spondylolysis -
fracture of pars interanticularis
·
Spondylosis- >
Vertebral outhritis w
degeneration and minimal inflammation .
·
Spondylitis -
> Vertebral inflammation . [Pott's disease]
· When administering Caudal epidural anasthesia >
- Sacral cornva is used as a landmark to locate the Sacral hiatus.
· Subclavian Steal Syndrome >
-
Reversed blood flow
through Vertebral entery w upper extremity exertion .
, ·
Ligaments of Vertebral Coloumn
Nuchal ligament is the expansion
[post -
ridget
Supraspinous
Shimits flexion
<
>
-
Connects the tip of spinous process. T of XC .
>
Interspinous > -
Connects Spinous process of adjacent vertebrae.
Because of the course of the vertebral artery through transverse foramina of
> Ant .
longitudinal ligament > Prevents hyperextension cervical vertebrae, individuals with atherosclerosis may become dizzy and
experience other symptoms of brainstem ischemia when the neck is rotated.
< Post .
longitudinal ligament + primally to the IV discs
prevents hyperflexion
extends to the skull as tectorial membrane .
Ligamentum Glava >- Provides postural support .
During a lumbar puncture ·
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis > -
Degeneration of lumbar spine and
ligamentum flava .
↳ Skin
Nodding "yes" (No rotation]
-
>
Superficial Jascia
·
Atlanto-occipital joints >
-
↳ Deep fascia ·
Atlanto-axial
joints >
- >
Saying "No" [No flexion] + transverse ligament of atlas .
↳
Supraspinous [No extension]
↳> Interspinous
·
Ligaments that support the cranial vertebral
joints
↳ Interlaminar Space ↳ Alar
ligament I the dens of the C2 to the skul .
↳ Epidural Space
↳
Cruciform/cruciate ligament >
-
longitudinal fascia + transverse
ligament of Cattas) .
↳ Dura ↳
expansion of
↳ Archanoid ↳ Internal Craniocervical ligaments Connects Skull and Vertebral Coloumn .
↳ Maximum
Atlas and Axis are connected
Seperately= Stability
Atlantoaxial dislocation or
subluxation (partial dislocation)
may
injure the spinal cord and
·
Arteries
medulla. Subluxation can occur
Branches of the
3
after mayrupture in *
descending aorta Such as post . intercostal and
rupture of the transverse ligament
of the atlas caused by congenital wheumatoid arthiritis and lumbar anteries .
weakness, trauma, or rheumatoid
arthritis. A weak or absent down Syndrome patients. * Branches of the Subclavian auteries (Neck) + vertebral and
transverse ligament occurs in
15% to 20% of Down syndrome ascending cervical alteries .
patients. Subluxation due to
rupture of the transverse ligament * Hiolumbar, medial and lateral Sacral Interies (pelvis).
of the
atlas may be apparent on a lateral
x-ray only if the spine is flexed.
Have
few values
-
Batson's [vertebral
7Antandpostpleuses Surroundthee ]
·
plexus Venous Plexus] Internal and External
>
-
↓ drains plexuses .
Spinal Coud, Meninges and Vertebrae
·
Muscles of the posterior neck
↳ Assist in the ↳
positioning of the neck Oblique Capitis inferi
or and Oblique
·
Splenous muscle
group
- > Covers the deep neck
↳ Innervated by Suboccipital Nerve Capitis Superior.
↳ Includes the rectus Capitis ,
post-major , rectus capitis post Minor .
, Vertebral Column
·
Zygophysial joints are synovial joints that may develop osteoarthritis
wage or trauma .
·
Herniation of 24-L5 dusk will impact the LS Spinal nerve .
· Posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments prevent disc herniationsns .
*
usually compress the Spinal Lord and Cauda equina .
· Intervertebral discs one absent in C1/C2 .
·
Anulus fibrosis is firmly attached to the both
longitudinal ligaments .
· Herinated does
usually occur in lumbar (L4/15 or LS/S1) of individuals younger than age 50 .
↳ usually involve transversing root .
Lumbar zygopophysial joints may be denervated by percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy (percutaneous
shizolysis /
surgical or
·
rhizotomy) > Relieves-
back pain
·
Spondylosis- >
Osteophyte formation at the periphery of the vertebral bodies where they join the IV discs
·
NTDs > -
44X-fetoprotein levels in maternal Serum (MSAFP)
↳ incomple Jusion of Vertebral arches Ch5 and S1) ·
Us Odontonium > When the body of the
-
·
(1- > Atlas [No vertebral body ,
No Spinous process] axis's ossification and the den's ossification
(2 > Axis
fail fuse
-
centers to .
17 >
-
Vertebral promiens
·
Dislocations without fracture only occus only in Cervical Spine .
·
Whiplash >
-
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis >
-
Stretches the ant .
longitudinal ligament
·
Hangman fracture > Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of
-
C2
· Failure of
Segmentation of Cervical vertebrae > -
Klieppel-Feil Syndrome
·
Demifacet -
>
·
Traumatic Vertebral injury - Dislocation I fracture because the enticular
facet joints are
arranged vertically .
·
Aortic aneurysms can cause left sided elosion on bodie of TS-TE
·
Pars interacticularis (humban >
-
Common site for Vertebral fractures .
·
Spondylolisthesis - > Bilateral
defect Cauda equina maybe affected
↳ Mild be
may compress the Spinal the lower limbs
cases can
asymptomatic and back .
> in
nerves and cause pain
-
·
Spondylolysis -
fracture of pars interanticularis
·
Spondylosis- >
Vertebral outhritis w
degeneration and minimal inflammation .
·
Spondylitis -
> Vertebral inflammation . [Pott's disease]
· When administering Caudal epidural anasthesia >
- Sacral cornva is used as a landmark to locate the Sacral hiatus.
· Subclavian Steal Syndrome >
-
Reversed blood flow
through Vertebral entery w upper extremity exertion .
, ·
Ligaments of Vertebral Coloumn
Nuchal ligament is the expansion
[post -
ridget
Supraspinous
Shimits flexion
<
>
-
Connects the tip of spinous process. T of XC .
>
Interspinous > -
Connects Spinous process of adjacent vertebrae.
Because of the course of the vertebral artery through transverse foramina of
> Ant .
longitudinal ligament > Prevents hyperextension cervical vertebrae, individuals with atherosclerosis may become dizzy and
experience other symptoms of brainstem ischemia when the neck is rotated.
< Post .
longitudinal ligament + primally to the IV discs
prevents hyperflexion
extends to the skull as tectorial membrane .
Ligamentum Glava >- Provides postural support .
During a lumbar puncture ·
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis > -
Degeneration of lumbar spine and
ligamentum flava .
↳ Skin
Nodding "yes" (No rotation]
-
>
Superficial Jascia
·
Atlanto-occipital joints >
-
↳ Deep fascia ·
Atlanto-axial
joints >
- >
Saying "No" [No flexion] + transverse ligament of atlas .
↳
Supraspinous [No extension]
↳> Interspinous
·
Ligaments that support the cranial vertebral
joints
↳ Interlaminar Space ↳ Alar
ligament I the dens of the C2 to the skul .
↳ Epidural Space
↳
Cruciform/cruciate ligament >
-
longitudinal fascia + transverse
ligament of Cattas) .
↳ Dura ↳
expansion of
↳ Archanoid ↳ Internal Craniocervical ligaments Connects Skull and Vertebral Coloumn .
↳ Maximum
Atlas and Axis are connected
Seperately= Stability
Atlantoaxial dislocation or
subluxation (partial dislocation)
may
injure the spinal cord and
·
Arteries
medulla. Subluxation can occur
Branches of the
3
after mayrupture in *
descending aorta Such as post . intercostal and
rupture of the transverse ligament
of the atlas caused by congenital wheumatoid arthiritis and lumbar anteries .
weakness, trauma, or rheumatoid
arthritis. A weak or absent down Syndrome patients. * Branches of the Subclavian auteries (Neck) + vertebral and
transverse ligament occurs in
15% to 20% of Down syndrome ascending cervical alteries .
patients. Subluxation due to
rupture of the transverse ligament * Hiolumbar, medial and lateral Sacral Interies (pelvis).
of the
atlas may be apparent on a lateral
x-ray only if the spine is flexed.
Have
few values
-
Batson's [vertebral
7Antandpostpleuses Surroundthee ]
·
plexus Venous Plexus] Internal and External
>
-
↓ drains plexuses .
Spinal Coud, Meninges and Vertebrae
·
Muscles of the posterior neck
↳ Assist in the ↳
positioning of the neck Oblique Capitis inferi
or and Oblique
·
Splenous muscle
group
- > Covers the deep neck
↳ Innervated by Suboccipital Nerve Capitis Superior.
↳ Includes the rectus Capitis ,
post-major , rectus capitis post Minor .
