Urinalysis-Penn Foster VT
1. Free-flow
What are the four basic urine- 2. Expressing the bladder
collection methods? 3. Catheterization
4. Cystocentesis
What potential contamination The first drops of urine may be contaminated with material
can occur in female urine from the genital tract, such as blood from an intact bitch in
samples? proestrus.
pH increases due to urea breakdown to ammonia
. Glucose decreases from
metabolic breakdown Ketones
What changes occur in urine decrease due to volatilization
specimens left at room Bilirubin decreases from
temperature for over one photooxidation Bacteria multiply
hour? Turbidity increases from bacterial growth
and precipitation Cells and casts may
disintegrate
Color may change due to oxidation or reduction.
What hormones regulate urine Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland
volume production? and aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
What is oliguria? too little urine output
What is anuria? absence of urine output.
What is polyuria? urine output that is too high
What is pollakiuria? increased frequency of urination.
What is polydipsia? increased drinking
What is dysuria? painful urination.
What is stranguria? slow urination.
1. Free-flow
What are the four basic urine- 2. Expressing the bladder
collection methods? 3. Catheterization
4. Cystocentesis
What potential contamination The first drops of urine may be contaminated with material
can occur in female urine from the genital tract, such as blood from an intact bitch in
samples? proestrus.
pH increases due to urea breakdown to ammonia
. Glucose decreases from
metabolic breakdown Ketones
What changes occur in urine decrease due to volatilization
specimens left at room Bilirubin decreases from
temperature for over one photooxidation Bacteria multiply
hour? Turbidity increases from bacterial growth
and precipitation Cells and casts may
disintegrate
Color may change due to oxidation or reduction.
What hormones regulate urine Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland
volume production? and aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
What is oliguria? too little urine output
What is anuria? absence of urine output.
What is polyuria? urine output that is too high
What is pollakiuria? increased frequency of urination.
What is polydipsia? increased drinking
What is dysuria? painful urination.
What is stranguria? slow urination.
