CHAPTER
6 Body Fluids and Circulation
Blood (Special Connective Tissue) Blood Antigens on Antibodies in Donor’s
Blood cells are synthesised in red bone marrow. Group RBCs Plasma Group
Functions: A A anti-B A, O
Transport of nutrients, O2, glucose, etc. B B anti-A B, O
Removal of harmful substances. AB A, B nil A, B, AB, O
Components: O nil anti-A, B O
(1) Plasma (Matrix, 55%) Rh–ve person upon exposure to Rh+ve blood will form Rh
Water: 90-92% specific antibodies.
Proteins: 6-8% Erythroblastosis foetalis is the special case of Rh
incompatibility.
Fibrinogens – Clotting
Administration of anti-Rh antibodies to the mother
Albumins – Osmotic balance
immediately after 1st delivery, save baby during 2nd pregnancy.
Globulins – Defense
Minerals: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, Cl– Blood Clotting/Coagulation
Coagulum is formed by fibrins.
Nutrients: Glucose, amino acids, lipids
Ca2+ play important role.
(2) Formed Elements (45%)
Lymph (Tissue Fluid)
RBCs – 5-5.5 million/mm3
No colour.
WBCs – 6000-8000/mm3
Blood – (Larger proteins + most formed elements).
Platelets – 1,500,00-3,500,00/mm3
Lacteals are lymph vessels in intestinal villi to absorb fats.
Types of WBCs Circulatory System
Vertebrates Atrium Ventricle Circulation
Granulocytes Agranulocytes Fishes 1 1 Single
Amphibians, most reptiles 2 1 Incomplete
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Crocodiles, Aves, 2 2 Double
(most abundant) (least abundant) Mammals
Human Circulatory System
Lymphocytes Monocytes
Heart
Blood Groups Mesodermally derived organ.
ABO blood grouping depends on the presence or absence of Protected by a double walled, membranous bag–pericardium
two surface antigens on RBC, and plasma contains antibodies. with pericardial fluid.
AB – Universal recipient 2 upper, smaller – Atria
4 chambers
O – Universal donor 2 lower, larger – Ventricles
6 Body Fluids and Circulation
Blood (Special Connective Tissue) Blood Antigens on Antibodies in Donor’s
Blood cells are synthesised in red bone marrow. Group RBCs Plasma Group
Functions: A A anti-B A, O
Transport of nutrients, O2, glucose, etc. B B anti-A B, O
Removal of harmful substances. AB A, B nil A, B, AB, O
Components: O nil anti-A, B O
(1) Plasma (Matrix, 55%) Rh–ve person upon exposure to Rh+ve blood will form Rh
Water: 90-92% specific antibodies.
Proteins: 6-8% Erythroblastosis foetalis is the special case of Rh
incompatibility.
Fibrinogens – Clotting
Administration of anti-Rh antibodies to the mother
Albumins – Osmotic balance
immediately after 1st delivery, save baby during 2nd pregnancy.
Globulins – Defense
Minerals: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, Cl– Blood Clotting/Coagulation
Coagulum is formed by fibrins.
Nutrients: Glucose, amino acids, lipids
Ca2+ play important role.
(2) Formed Elements (45%)
Lymph (Tissue Fluid)
RBCs – 5-5.5 million/mm3
No colour.
WBCs – 6000-8000/mm3
Blood – (Larger proteins + most formed elements).
Platelets – 1,500,00-3,500,00/mm3
Lacteals are lymph vessels in intestinal villi to absorb fats.
Types of WBCs Circulatory System
Vertebrates Atrium Ventricle Circulation
Granulocytes Agranulocytes Fishes 1 1 Single
Amphibians, most reptiles 2 1 Incomplete
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Crocodiles, Aves, 2 2 Double
(most abundant) (least abundant) Mammals
Human Circulatory System
Lymphocytes Monocytes
Heart
Blood Groups Mesodermally derived organ.
ABO blood grouping depends on the presence or absence of Protected by a double walled, membranous bag–pericardium
two surface antigens on RBC, and plasma contains antibodies. with pericardial fluid.
AB – Universal recipient 2 upper, smaller – Atria
4 chambers
O – Universal donor 2 lower, larger – Ventricles
