Psychiatric Mental Health 1
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What are the subtypes of Depressive Disorders to know? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Persistent (Dysthymia), Melancholic,
Atypical, Psychotic, Postpartum, Childhood Depression.
What characterizes Persistent Depressive Disorder
(Dysthymia)? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Chronic, low-grade
,depression lasting at least 2 years (or 1 year in children) with
symptoms like low self-esteem, poor concentration, fatigue,
and hopelessness.
How do the symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder
compare to Major Depression? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Symptoms are less severe than major depression but
longer-lasting.
What is a common treatment for Persistent Depressive
Disorder? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>SSRIs and cognitive-
behavioral therapy.
What are the key features of Melancholic Depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Profound loss of pleasure (anhedonia),
lack of mood reactivity, early morning awakening, weight
loss, and psychomotor changes.
Who is more likely to experience Melancholic Depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Common in older adults and hospitalized
patients.
What treatments are effective for Melancholic Depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Medications and electroconvulsive
therapy (ECT).
,What distinguishes Atypical Depression from other types? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Mood can improve in response to
positive events, with features like increased appetite, weight
gain, excessive sleep, and heavy limbs.
What demographic is more commonly affected by Atypical
Depression? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Younger individuals and
those with bipolar disorder.
What is the treatment for Atypical Depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>SSRIs or MAOIs.
What defines Psychotic Depression? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>Severe depression with delusions or hallucinations, which
can be mood-congruent or mood-incongruent.
What is the treatment approach for Psychotic Depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Combined treatment with
antidepressants and antipsychotics or ECT.
What is Postpartum Depression and when does it onset? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Onset during pregnancy or within four
weeks after delivery, characterized by sadness, anxiety,
irritability, and difficulty bonding with the baby.
, How does Postpartum Depression differ from 'baby blues'? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>It is more intense and long-lasting than
'baby blues'.
What are the symptoms of Childhood Depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Irritability, academic decline, withdrawal
from peers, somatic complaints, and low self-esteem.
What are common risk factors for Childhood Depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Family history and environmental
stressors.
What neurobiological factors are involved in depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>Dysregulation of serotonin,
norepinephrine, and dopamine; structural brain changes
include decreased hippocampal volume and hypoactivity in
the prefrontal cortex.
What genetic factor is associated with depression? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>The serotonin transporter gene (5-
HTTLPR).
What are the side effects of SSRIs? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>GI
upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia.