NR507 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

1. the site of blood cell formation hematopoiesis varies with age Correct Answer fetus - yolk sac beginning 3rd week gestation; shift to fetal liver & spleen by week 8 and to bone marrow by 5 month -birth to 5 years red marrow of all bones make blood cells -after 20 years red marrow primarily located in ilium, vertebrae, cranium and jaw, sternum and ribs, humerous and femur. 2. Hematopoiesis occurs throughout life and is stimulated by infiltration of the yellow or fatty bone marrow with red bone marrow cells. faster proliferation and differentiation of stem and daughter cells. 3. Hematopoietic stem cells are Correct Answer are progenitors (apart of) of all hematological cells. -proliferate and differentiate under the control of numerous growth factors and cytokinis to form the three types of cells found in peripheral blood RBCs, WBCs, and platelets 4. Erythropoiesis formation of red blood cells -The growth factor erythropoietin is made by the kidney and to a very small extent in the liver in response to tissue hypoxia -is also stimulated by androgens (testosterones) -Normal red blood cell level is between 4.2 to 6.2 million cells per cubic millimeter (approximately 45% of blood volume) -able to replenish 1% of circulating red blood cell mass every 24 hours, which is equivalent to 2.5 million red blood cell synthesized per second. 5. The mature RBC structure biconcave spherical disk for maximum surface area for gas exchange reversible deformability to squeeze through capillaries lacks a nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria ( Without these structures, red blood cells cannot divide or do protein synthesis and can only perform anaerobic metabolism, lifespan in circulation is approximately 100-120 days (But in that time frame, it will have traveled thousands of miles to our vascular system) 6. Red blood cells are essentially a sack of hemoglobin Correct Answer It is estimated that there are approximately 300 million hemoglobin molecules per red blood cell. Hemoglobin makes up 90% of the dry weight of the cell. males 16 females 14 Hemoglobin has a unique chemical composition that includes polypeptide chains, heme molecules, and iron. 7. iron Correct Answer The primary dietary sources for iron are meats, especially red meat, dry beans, and eggs. -absorbed through the GI track and combines with the plasma protein transferrin (the transporter for iron) transport ’ to the liver for storage as ferritin then when needed is released from the liver via transferrin bone marrow ’ Iron enters ’ the erythroblasts and is transported directly into the mitochondria. females 19-50 need 18 mg/day females ˃ 50 and males ˂ 19 needs 8mg fe/day 8. Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Primary sources are meat, fish, poultry, and dairy is required for DNA, RNA and myelin synthesis (Rna synthesis occurs in its absence, but abnormally large cells form) stomach secrete intrinsic factor protein to facilitate absorption of vitamin from the ilium. 9. Any excess B12 is stored in the liver. Typically, we have a 1000 fold excess reserve, so it can take years to deplete our stores of this vitamin. 10.