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NPS Exam Comprehensive Neonatal & Pediatric
Respiratory Care Exam Newest 2025/2026 Complete 100
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
|Brand New Version!!
An infant is born at 32 weeks gestation and presents with grunting, nasal
flaring, and intercostal retractions. The chest X-ray reveals a ground-
glass appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
B. Meconium aspiration syndrome
C. Respiratory distress syndrome
D. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Answer: C. Respiratory distress syndrome
Which is the most appropriate initial therapy for respiratory distress
syndrome in a premature neonate?
A. Oral steroids
B. Surfactant replacement therapy
C. Heliox therapy
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D. Chest physiotherapy
Answer: B. Surfactant replacement therapy
A 2-year-old child presents with inspiratory stridor, barking cough, and
hoarseness. Which condition is most likely?
A. Epiglottitis
B. Bronchiolitis
C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Which radiographic finding is characteristic of bronchiolitis?
A. Steeple sign
B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
C. Thumb sign
D. Ground-glass appearance
Answer: B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
A neonate is receiving mechanical ventilation. The PaCO₂ is 68 mmHg
with a pH of 7.20. Which ventilator adjustment is most appropriate?
A. Decrease respiratory rate
B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
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C. Increase FiO₂
D. Increase PEEP
Answer: B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
A 5-year-old with cystic fibrosis presents with increased sputum
production and fever. Which intervention is MOST important?
A. Chest physiotherapy and bronchodilators
B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
C. Oxygen therapy only
D. Heliox administration
Answer: B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
Which of the following is the gold standard diagnostic test for cystic
fibrosis?
A. Sweat chloride test
B. Genetic DNA analysis only
C. Chest radiograph
D. Pulmonary function testing
Answer: A. Sweat chloride test
A neonate has apnea of prematurity. Which pharmacologic therapy is
most effective?
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A. Theophylline
B. Caffeine citrate
C. Epinephrine
D. Albuterol
Answer: B. Caffeine citrate
A child presents with wheezing, hypoxemia, and history of eczema.
Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Asthma
C. Epiglottitis
D. Bronchiolitis
Answer: B. Asthma
Which pulmonary function finding is most consistent with obstructive
lung disease in children?
A. Increased FEV₁/FVC ratio
B. Decreased FEV₁/FVC ratio
C. Decreased TLC
D. Increased DLCO
Answer: B. Decreased FEV₁/FVC ratio
A newborn requires resuscitation. After initial steps, the heart rate is 50
bpm despite effective ventilation. What is the next step?
NPS Exam Comprehensive Neonatal & Pediatric
Respiratory Care Exam Newest 2025/2026 Complete 100
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
|Brand New Version!!
An infant is born at 32 weeks gestation and presents with grunting, nasal
flaring, and intercostal retractions. The chest X-ray reveals a ground-
glass appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
B. Meconium aspiration syndrome
C. Respiratory distress syndrome
D. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Answer: C. Respiratory distress syndrome
Which is the most appropriate initial therapy for respiratory distress
syndrome in a premature neonate?
A. Oral steroids
B. Surfactant replacement therapy
C. Heliox therapy
,2|Page
D. Chest physiotherapy
Answer: B. Surfactant replacement therapy
A 2-year-old child presents with inspiratory stridor, barking cough, and
hoarseness. Which condition is most likely?
A. Epiglottitis
B. Bronchiolitis
C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Which radiographic finding is characteristic of bronchiolitis?
A. Steeple sign
B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
C. Thumb sign
D. Ground-glass appearance
Answer: B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
A neonate is receiving mechanical ventilation. The PaCO₂ is 68 mmHg
with a pH of 7.20. Which ventilator adjustment is most appropriate?
A. Decrease respiratory rate
B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
,3|Page
C. Increase FiO₂
D. Increase PEEP
Answer: B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
A 5-year-old with cystic fibrosis presents with increased sputum
production and fever. Which intervention is MOST important?
A. Chest physiotherapy and bronchodilators
B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
C. Oxygen therapy only
D. Heliox administration
Answer: B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
Which of the following is the gold standard diagnostic test for cystic
fibrosis?
A. Sweat chloride test
B. Genetic DNA analysis only
C. Chest radiograph
D. Pulmonary function testing
Answer: A. Sweat chloride test
A neonate has apnea of prematurity. Which pharmacologic therapy is
most effective?
, 4|Page
A. Theophylline
B. Caffeine citrate
C. Epinephrine
D. Albuterol
Answer: B. Caffeine citrate
A child presents with wheezing, hypoxemia, and history of eczema.
Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Asthma
C. Epiglottitis
D. Bronchiolitis
Answer: B. Asthma
Which pulmonary function finding is most consistent with obstructive
lung disease in children?
A. Increased FEV₁/FVC ratio
B. Decreased FEV₁/FVC ratio
C. Decreased TLC
D. Increased DLCO
Answer: B. Decreased FEV₁/FVC ratio
A newborn requires resuscitation. After initial steps, the heart rate is 50
bpm despite effective ventilation. What is the next step?
