Test Bank for Nutrition Concepts and Controversies
Amino acids are bound together by an amino acid bond to form long chains.
True
False - ANSWERSfalse
The side chain of an amino acid differentiates one amino acid from another.
True
False - ANSWERStrue
Which of the following amino acids are considered essential?
A.histidine, tyrosine, and alanine
B.leucine, isoleucine, and proline
C.lysine, methionine, and threonine
D.asparagine, tryptophan, and valine - ANSWERSC
Amino acids found in the amino acid pool __________.
A.must come from animal products
B.require protein supplements to maintain its resources
C.can be used for protein synthesis
D.help to synthesize essential amino acids - ANSWERSC
,Unlike carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain __________.
A.hydrogen
B.selenium
C.nitrogen
D.oxygen - ANSWERSC
Variations in the structure of the __________ give each amino acid its distinct properties.
A.side chain
B.acid group
C.amine group
D.hydrogen atoms - ANSWERSA
Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is FALSE?
A.Without essential amino acids, we lose our ability to make proteins and other nitrogen-
containing compounds we need.
B.Nine of the 20 amino acids in the body are classified as essential.
C.Our bodies can synthesize essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, so we do not need to
consume them in our diet.
D.Our bodies cannot synthesize essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, so we must
consume them in our diet. - ANSWERSC
Once the instructions have been transcribed to mRNA, the mRNA leaves the nucleus and binds
to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome moves along the mRNA reading the code to begin
the process of translation.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of tRNA during translation?
,A.During translation, tRNA collects and transports the amino acids to the ribosome.
B.During translation, tRNA carries the mRNA to the ribosome.
C.During translation, tRNA carries the gene's instructions to the ribosome.
D.During translation, tRNA transfers the instructions to the DNA. - ANSWERSA
The sequential order of the amino acids in a protein is called the __________ of the protein.
A.primary structure
B.synthesis
C.secondary structure
D.disulfide bridge - ANSWERSA
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Protein denaturation affects the primary structure of proteins.
B.Protein denaturation affects both the shape and function of proteins.
C.Heat exposure, but not acid, will cause proteins to denature.
D.Protein denaturation affects only the shape, but not the function of proteins. - ANSWERSB
How does the body use the protein once it has been ingested? Consider the following
statements and select the correct ones regarding protein use.
Select all that apply.
A.The liver uses amino acids to create glucose.
, B.Amino acids are used to create new proteins.
C.If you ingest more protein than your body needs, the protein is stored in muscle.
D.If calorie intake is inadequate, amino acids can be used for production of energy. -
ANSWERSA,B,D
An enzyme in the stomach called __________ begins the breakdown of proteins into shorter
polypeptide chains and single amino acids.
A.nucleotide
B.lipase
C.hydrochloric acid
D.pepsin - ANSWERSD
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A.The amino acid in the smallest supply is the limiting amino acid.
B.Digestibility is not a factor in determining protein quality.
C.The chemical score compares the amount of the limiting amino acid in a food to that same
amino acid in a reference food.
D.The quantity of essential amino acids in a protein determines its quality. - ANSWERSB
Choose the correct pair.
A.stomach; HCl digests polypeptides
B.small intestine; peptide bonds are formed
C.small intestine; proteases digest polypeptides
D.mouth; protein digestion begins here - ANSWERSC
Amino acids are bound together by an amino acid bond to form long chains.
True
False - ANSWERSfalse
The side chain of an amino acid differentiates one amino acid from another.
True
False - ANSWERStrue
Which of the following amino acids are considered essential?
A.histidine, tyrosine, and alanine
B.leucine, isoleucine, and proline
C.lysine, methionine, and threonine
D.asparagine, tryptophan, and valine - ANSWERSC
Amino acids found in the amino acid pool __________.
A.must come from animal products
B.require protein supplements to maintain its resources
C.can be used for protein synthesis
D.help to synthesize essential amino acids - ANSWERSC
,Unlike carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain __________.
A.hydrogen
B.selenium
C.nitrogen
D.oxygen - ANSWERSC
Variations in the structure of the __________ give each amino acid its distinct properties.
A.side chain
B.acid group
C.amine group
D.hydrogen atoms - ANSWERSA
Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is FALSE?
A.Without essential amino acids, we lose our ability to make proteins and other nitrogen-
containing compounds we need.
B.Nine of the 20 amino acids in the body are classified as essential.
C.Our bodies can synthesize essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, so we do not need to
consume them in our diet.
D.Our bodies cannot synthesize essential amino acids in sufficient amounts, so we must
consume them in our diet. - ANSWERSC
Once the instructions have been transcribed to mRNA, the mRNA leaves the nucleus and binds
to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome moves along the mRNA reading the code to begin
the process of translation.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of tRNA during translation?
,A.During translation, tRNA collects and transports the amino acids to the ribosome.
B.During translation, tRNA carries the mRNA to the ribosome.
C.During translation, tRNA carries the gene's instructions to the ribosome.
D.During translation, tRNA transfers the instructions to the DNA. - ANSWERSA
The sequential order of the amino acids in a protein is called the __________ of the protein.
A.primary structure
B.synthesis
C.secondary structure
D.disulfide bridge - ANSWERSA
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Protein denaturation affects the primary structure of proteins.
B.Protein denaturation affects both the shape and function of proteins.
C.Heat exposure, but not acid, will cause proteins to denature.
D.Protein denaturation affects only the shape, but not the function of proteins. - ANSWERSB
How does the body use the protein once it has been ingested? Consider the following
statements and select the correct ones regarding protein use.
Select all that apply.
A.The liver uses amino acids to create glucose.
, B.Amino acids are used to create new proteins.
C.If you ingest more protein than your body needs, the protein is stored in muscle.
D.If calorie intake is inadequate, amino acids can be used for production of energy. -
ANSWERSA,B,D
An enzyme in the stomach called __________ begins the breakdown of proteins into shorter
polypeptide chains and single amino acids.
A.nucleotide
B.lipase
C.hydrochloric acid
D.pepsin - ANSWERSD
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A.The amino acid in the smallest supply is the limiting amino acid.
B.Digestibility is not a factor in determining protein quality.
C.The chemical score compares the amount of the limiting amino acid in a food to that same
amino acid in a reference food.
D.The quantity of essential amino acids in a protein determines its quality. - ANSWERSB
Choose the correct pair.
A.stomach; HCl digests polypeptides
B.small intestine; peptide bonds are formed
C.small intestine; proteases digest polypeptides
D.mouth; protein digestion begins here - ANSWERSC
