Update 2025-2026
Papilledema - Answers Bilateral optic disc edema with blurred margins
-Provide safe/accurate care
-Helps consider multiple potential causes, reducing diagnostic error and ensuring safe
treatment - Answers Importance of differential diagnoses
Avoid behaviors that can be disrespectful in some cultures (e.g., sustained direct eye contact,
touching without permission, using first names). Ask about preferences - Answers
Communication strategy that may offend patients from other cultures
Use the FICA tool:
F—Faith/Beliefs;
I—Importance/Influence;
C—Community;
A—Address in care. - Answers Spiritual assessment tool
melanoma - Answers Pigmented and non-pigmented lesions
Argyll Robertson pupils (classically neurosyphilis): small, irregular pupils that accommodate but
do not react to light - Answers Bilateral, miotic, irregular pupilswith light-near dissociation
Establish a comprehensive database of subjective and objective data to guide diagnosis,
planning, and evaluation of care and better understand health status - Answers Primary goal of
health assessment
Therapeutic communication (active listening, empathy, reflection) - Answers Technique most
effective for building rapport during an interview6
Elicit the patient's narrative to uncover concerns, priorities, and context; promotes therapeutic
communication. - Answers Purpose of using open-ended questions
Identifying data;
Chief Complaint (in quotes);
History of Present Illness;
Past Medical/Surgical; Medications/Allergies;
Family History;
, Social/Personal History;
Review of systems - Answers Components of Health hx
Identifies genetic, familial, and environmental risks that may predispose the patient to certain
conditions. - Answers The importance for obtaining a family history during a health assessment
Risk for suicide (safety is always priority) - Answers Priority nursing diagnosis for patient with
major depression
Postpartum depression with suicidal risk -> requires urgent psychiatric referral and safety plan -
Answers Postpartum woman with fatigue, insomnia, and suicidal ideation
Allergic Contact dermatitis (delayed type IV hypersensitivity) - Answers Papule eruption
following patch test
Tinea corporis (ringworm) - superficial fungal infection - Answers Raised, circular, red lesion
with scaly border in child
Macular Degeneration - Answers Central vision loss with drusen deposits
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopath - Answers Retinal hemorrhages and neovascularization in
diabetic patient
Use open-ended, culturally sensitive questions
ETHNIC (pg 92-93)
Explanation
Treatment
Healers
Negotiate
Intervention
Collaborate - Answers Culturally competent assessment when unfamiliar pt background
Wong/baker face & Voucher scale - Answers Reliable and valid pain scale for children
Identify faith/meaning, community support, and impact on care (e.g., FICA domains) - Answers
Key component of spiritual assessment
Track trends for reassessment purposes after interventions - Answers purpose of pain rating
scales
Assuming lower pain credibility based on patient ethnicity - Answers Example of Implicit bias