CHEM 219 Module 4 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update

CHEM 219 Module 4 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update Alkyl halide - Answers Aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen substituents Aryl halide - Answers Aromatic with one or more halogens in the ring Steric bulk - Answers Number of carbons directly attatched to carbon bearing the halogen How does carbon get its slight positive charge in C-X - Answers Halogens are electronegative, pulling the carbon's electrons Substitution - Answers Halogen is replaced by a new atom or functional group Substrate - Answers Molecule on which substitution occurs Leaving group - Answers Atom replaced during substitution Nucleophile - Answers Chemical species that seeks positive charge Which molecules are typically nucleophiles - Answers Negative O, N, S Neutral, but need 2 molecules Hydroxide - Answers Alcohol Amide - Answers Amine Cyanide - Answers Nitrile Carboxylate - Answers Ester Water - Answers Alcohol Ammonia - Answers Amine Which molecules cannot use substitution - Answers Aryl and vinyl Due to non sp3 hybridization SN2 - Answers Concerted Backside attack Inversion of tetrahedra Bimolecular SN2 solvent - Answers Polar aprotic SN2 nucleophiles - Answers Large, negative, low EN, non bulky Functional group interconversion - Answers Substitution, an alkyl halide is converted into another functional group Transitional state in SN2 - Answers brief moment where leaving group and nucleophile are attatched to the substrate What can speed up an SN2 reaction - Answers Large nucleophile