APPLY NUTRITION IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Nutrition related conditions
Diabetes
Hypertension
Obesity
Malnutrition
Renal/Kidney disease
Weight management
Malnutrition: state of the body not having enough nutrients or having excess or
imbalance of the required nutrients.
CATEGORIES/ TYPES OF MALNUTRITION
There are two major categories of malnutrition;
1. Acute malnutrition
2. Chronic malnutrition
1. Acute malnutrition is brought about by the shortage of food for short periods of time
which results into wasting. It’s categorized into;
Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM)
Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)
SAM is further classified into two:
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Patients may present with a combination of the two, which is referred to as marasmic
kwashiorkor.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MARASMUS &KWASHIORKOR;
MARASMUS
, 1. Sever weight loss and wasting
2. Ribs are prominent
3. Limbs are emaciated
4. Muscle wasting
5. Good appetite
6. With correct treatment there is good progression.
KWASHIORKOR
1. Bi-lateral oedema and fluid accumulation
2. Loss of appetite
3. Brittle thinning hair
4. Hair colour change
5. Apathy and irritable
6. Face may seem swollen
7. High risk of death
CHRONIC MALNUTRITION
Chronic malnutrition is as a result of deprivation of food for a long period of time.
It’s determined by a patient degree of stunting (when a child has not reached his or her
expected height for a given age)
To treat a patient with chronic malnutrition requires a long-term focus that considers
household food security in the long term, homecare practices i.e. feeding and hygiene
and issues related to public health.
CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION
This conceptual framework on the causes of malnutrition was developed in 1990 as
part of the UNICEF nutrition strategy. The framework shows that causes of malnutrition
are multisectoral, embracing food, health and caring practices. They are also classified
as immediate, underlying, and basic, whereby factors at one level influence other levels.
, The framework is used at national, district and local levels, to help plan effective
actions to improve nutrition.
Importance: It serves as a guide in assessing and analysing the causes of the
nutrition problem and helps in identifying the most appropriate mixture of
actions.
Immediate causes
Inadequate dietary intake: due to insufficient and poor variety of food, too few meals or
foods being too bulky
Diseases: such as diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, measles, malaria, worms and
AIDS. Diseases cause malnutrition by:
Reducing appetite and absorption the gut so the body gets fewer nutrients
Increasing the rate at which the body uses nutrients.
Health workers can help prevent the immediate causes of malnutrition by:
Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for four to six months, then encouraging
mothers to introduce nutritious complementary foods while continuing to
breastfeed
Discussing with families how to improve child feeding practices
Nutrition related conditions
Diabetes
Hypertension
Obesity
Malnutrition
Renal/Kidney disease
Weight management
Malnutrition: state of the body not having enough nutrients or having excess or
imbalance of the required nutrients.
CATEGORIES/ TYPES OF MALNUTRITION
There are two major categories of malnutrition;
1. Acute malnutrition
2. Chronic malnutrition
1. Acute malnutrition is brought about by the shortage of food for short periods of time
which results into wasting. It’s categorized into;
Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM)
Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)
SAM is further classified into two:
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Patients may present with a combination of the two, which is referred to as marasmic
kwashiorkor.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MARASMUS &KWASHIORKOR;
MARASMUS
, 1. Sever weight loss and wasting
2. Ribs are prominent
3. Limbs are emaciated
4. Muscle wasting
5. Good appetite
6. With correct treatment there is good progression.
KWASHIORKOR
1. Bi-lateral oedema and fluid accumulation
2. Loss of appetite
3. Brittle thinning hair
4. Hair colour change
5. Apathy and irritable
6. Face may seem swollen
7. High risk of death
CHRONIC MALNUTRITION
Chronic malnutrition is as a result of deprivation of food for a long period of time.
It’s determined by a patient degree of stunting (when a child has not reached his or her
expected height for a given age)
To treat a patient with chronic malnutrition requires a long-term focus that considers
household food security in the long term, homecare practices i.e. feeding and hygiene
and issues related to public health.
CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION
This conceptual framework on the causes of malnutrition was developed in 1990 as
part of the UNICEF nutrition strategy. The framework shows that causes of malnutrition
are multisectoral, embracing food, health and caring practices. They are also classified
as immediate, underlying, and basic, whereby factors at one level influence other levels.
, The framework is used at national, district and local levels, to help plan effective
actions to improve nutrition.
Importance: It serves as a guide in assessing and analysing the causes of the
nutrition problem and helps in identifying the most appropriate mixture of
actions.
Immediate causes
Inadequate dietary intake: due to insufficient and poor variety of food, too few meals or
foods being too bulky
Diseases: such as diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, measles, malaria, worms and
AIDS. Diseases cause malnutrition by:
Reducing appetite and absorption the gut so the body gets fewer nutrients
Increasing the rate at which the body uses nutrients.
Health workers can help prevent the immediate causes of malnutrition by:
Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for four to six months, then encouraging
mothers to introduce nutritious complementary foods while continuing to
breastfeed
Discussing with families how to improve child feeding practices
