CHEM 103 FINAL EXAM |293 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Lewis Structures - -represents the transfer or the sharing of electrons in chemical bonds
-octet rule - -EVERY ATOM WANTS 8 ELECTRONS IN THEIR OUTERSHELL
-ionic bonding - -chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons
from one atom or group of atoms to another group
EX : NaBr
-metals - -give
-nonmetals - -take
-oxidation number - -the superscript indicating the charge on an ion
-ion - -atom with either positive or negative charge
-binary compound - -compounds in which 2 elements are present , metal and non metal -
nonmetal changes to ide
-ionization energy - -energy required to remove the most loosley held electron from outer
shell ; up and to the right
-polyatomic molecule - -nonmetals that form one ion
-covalent bond - -sharing of electrons
EX : CO2
-polyatomic ions - -Ag silver ion
Fe 2+ ferrous ion
Fe 3+ ferric ion
Cu 1+ cuprous ion
Cu 2+ cupric ion
-binary molecule - -1st word : prefix and full name
2nd word : prefix and stem and ide
-mono - -1
-di - -2
-tri - -3
,-tetra - -4
-penta - -5
-hexa - -6
-hepta - -7
-octa - -8
-ennea - -9
-deca - -10
-bonding electrons - -pairs of valence electrons that are shared between pairs
-non bonding electrons - -lone pairs that
are not involved in electron sharing
-Linus Pauling - -Nobel prize Chemist
-electronegativity - -measure of atoms attraction for electrons it shares with another atom
in a chemical bond
-electronegativity increases - -left to right
-electronegativity decreases - -top to bottom
-repulsion - -gives molecule shape, describes distance b/w bonding and non bonding pairs
of electrons
-molecular geometry - -3 dimensional arrangement of atom within a molecule
-VSEPR - -valence shell electron pair repulsion theory - set of procedures for predicting a
3 dimensional geometry molecule
-NH4 - -ammonium with 1 superscript
-OH 1 - -hydroxide
-NO2 - -nitrite with -1 superscript
-NO3 - -nitrate with -1 superscript
-C2H3O2 - -acetate with -1 superscript
, -HCO3 - -bicarbonate with -1 superscript
-CO3 - -carbonate with -2 superscript
-SO3 - -sulfite with -2 superscript
-SO4 - -sulfate with -2 superscript
-PO4 - -phosphate with -3 superscript
-CN 1 - -cyanide
-molar mass - -sum of all atomic masses in a compound
-moles conversion - -division
( mass )
over
( atomic mass )
-grams conversion - -multiplication
(moles) ( atomic mass )
-write balanced equation - -step 1
-write given - -step 2
-write unknown - -step 3
-find moles of given - -step 4
-determine mole ratio - -step 5
-convert moles to grams - -step 6
-limiting reagent - -reagent that is used up first , calculate moles of each reagent , least
amount is limiting
-stoichiometry - -mass-mass relationship quantile study of chemical reaction
-bond polarity - -measure of the degree of in equality in sharing of electrons between 2
atoms in a chemical bond
-non polar bond - -symmetrical distribution of electron charge
H2 N2
Lewis Structures - -represents the transfer or the sharing of electrons in chemical bonds
-octet rule - -EVERY ATOM WANTS 8 ELECTRONS IN THEIR OUTERSHELL
-ionic bonding - -chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons
from one atom or group of atoms to another group
EX : NaBr
-metals - -give
-nonmetals - -take
-oxidation number - -the superscript indicating the charge on an ion
-ion - -atom with either positive or negative charge
-binary compound - -compounds in which 2 elements are present , metal and non metal -
nonmetal changes to ide
-ionization energy - -energy required to remove the most loosley held electron from outer
shell ; up and to the right
-polyatomic molecule - -nonmetals that form one ion
-covalent bond - -sharing of electrons
EX : CO2
-polyatomic ions - -Ag silver ion
Fe 2+ ferrous ion
Fe 3+ ferric ion
Cu 1+ cuprous ion
Cu 2+ cupric ion
-binary molecule - -1st word : prefix and full name
2nd word : prefix and stem and ide
-mono - -1
-di - -2
-tri - -3
,-tetra - -4
-penta - -5
-hexa - -6
-hepta - -7
-octa - -8
-ennea - -9
-deca - -10
-bonding electrons - -pairs of valence electrons that are shared between pairs
-non bonding electrons - -lone pairs that
are not involved in electron sharing
-Linus Pauling - -Nobel prize Chemist
-electronegativity - -measure of atoms attraction for electrons it shares with another atom
in a chemical bond
-electronegativity increases - -left to right
-electronegativity decreases - -top to bottom
-repulsion - -gives molecule shape, describes distance b/w bonding and non bonding pairs
of electrons
-molecular geometry - -3 dimensional arrangement of atom within a molecule
-VSEPR - -valence shell electron pair repulsion theory - set of procedures for predicting a
3 dimensional geometry molecule
-NH4 - -ammonium with 1 superscript
-OH 1 - -hydroxide
-NO2 - -nitrite with -1 superscript
-NO3 - -nitrate with -1 superscript
-C2H3O2 - -acetate with -1 superscript
, -HCO3 - -bicarbonate with -1 superscript
-CO3 - -carbonate with -2 superscript
-SO3 - -sulfite with -2 superscript
-SO4 - -sulfate with -2 superscript
-PO4 - -phosphate with -3 superscript
-CN 1 - -cyanide
-molar mass - -sum of all atomic masses in a compound
-moles conversion - -division
( mass )
over
( atomic mass )
-grams conversion - -multiplication
(moles) ( atomic mass )
-write balanced equation - -step 1
-write given - -step 2
-write unknown - -step 3
-find moles of given - -step 4
-determine mole ratio - -step 5
-convert moles to grams - -step 6
-limiting reagent - -reagent that is used up first , calculate moles of each reagent , least
amount is limiting
-stoichiometry - -mass-mass relationship quantile study of chemical reaction
-bond polarity - -measure of the degree of in equality in sharing of electrons between 2
atoms in a chemical bond
-non polar bond - -symmetrical distribution of electron charge
H2 N2
