Chemistry 103 University of Kentucky EXAM 3 Questions
and Answers (2015 University of Kentucky - Allison
Soult - Chapters 7, 8, and 9)
Solution - -a homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent
-Solute - -the substance that is being dissolved
-Solvent - -the dissolving medium
-Aqueous solution - -Water that contains one or more dissolved substances
-Saturated solution - -A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that is
capable of being dissolved
-Unsaturated solution - -A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute
that is capable of being dissolved
-Solubility - -The amount of that substance that is required to form a saturated solution in
a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature
-Solubility Equation - -grams of solute/100 grams of solution
-Electrolyte - -A compound that conducts an electric current when it is dissolved in water
or melted
-Nonelectrolyte - -compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous
solution or in the molten state
-Dissociation - -The separation of ions that occurs when a solid ionic compound dissolves
-Factors affecting Solubility - -Temperature and Pressure
-Arrhenius acid - -A compound which ionizes to yield hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous
solution
-Arrhenius base - -A compound which ionizes to yield hydroxide ions (OH−) in aqueous
solution
-Brønsted-Lowry acid - -A molecule or ion that donates a hydrogen ion in a reaction
-Brønsted-Lowry base - -A molecule or ion that accepts a hydrogen ion in a reaction
, -Conjugate acid-base pair - -A pair of substances related by the loss or gain of a single
hydrogen ion
-Conjugate acid - -The particle produced when a base accepts a proton
-Conjugate base - -The particle produced when an acid donates a proton
-Strong acids - -Hydrochloric acid, HCl
Hydrobromic acid, HBr
Hydroiodic acid, HI
Perchloric acid, HClO4
Nitric acid, HNO3
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4
-Strong bases - -NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CsOH, RbOH, LiOH
-Suspension - -A heterogeneous mixture in which some of the particles settle out of the
mixture upon standing
-Colloid - -A heterogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles are intermediate in
size between those of a solution and a suspension
-Tyndall effect - -The scattering of visible light by colloidal particles
-Osmosis - -The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (lower to higher)
-Hypertonic Solution - -The solution with the higher solute concentration
-Hypotonic Solution - -The solution with the lower solute concentration
-Isotonic Solution - -Solution of equal solute concentration
-Equilibrium - -The state where the solution becomes an isotonic solution
-Diffusion - -The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the
molecules to an area with a lower concentration (higher to lower)
-Passive transport - -A way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane
without input of energy by the cell
-Plasma membrane (cell membrane) - -The outside barrier of the cell (semipermeable)
-Phospholipids - -A double layer of special lipids in the plasma membrane
-Cytosol - -Jelly-like substance inside the cell
and Answers (2015 University of Kentucky - Allison
Soult - Chapters 7, 8, and 9)
Solution - -a homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent
-Solute - -the substance that is being dissolved
-Solvent - -the dissolving medium
-Aqueous solution - -Water that contains one or more dissolved substances
-Saturated solution - -A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that is
capable of being dissolved
-Unsaturated solution - -A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute
that is capable of being dissolved
-Solubility - -The amount of that substance that is required to form a saturated solution in
a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature
-Solubility Equation - -grams of solute/100 grams of solution
-Electrolyte - -A compound that conducts an electric current when it is dissolved in water
or melted
-Nonelectrolyte - -compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous
solution or in the molten state
-Dissociation - -The separation of ions that occurs when a solid ionic compound dissolves
-Factors affecting Solubility - -Temperature and Pressure
-Arrhenius acid - -A compound which ionizes to yield hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous
solution
-Arrhenius base - -A compound which ionizes to yield hydroxide ions (OH−) in aqueous
solution
-Brønsted-Lowry acid - -A molecule or ion that donates a hydrogen ion in a reaction
-Brønsted-Lowry base - -A molecule or ion that accepts a hydrogen ion in a reaction
, -Conjugate acid-base pair - -A pair of substances related by the loss or gain of a single
hydrogen ion
-Conjugate acid - -The particle produced when a base accepts a proton
-Conjugate base - -The particle produced when an acid donates a proton
-Strong acids - -Hydrochloric acid, HCl
Hydrobromic acid, HBr
Hydroiodic acid, HI
Perchloric acid, HClO4
Nitric acid, HNO3
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4
-Strong bases - -NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CsOH, RbOH, LiOH
-Suspension - -A heterogeneous mixture in which some of the particles settle out of the
mixture upon standing
-Colloid - -A heterogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles are intermediate in
size between those of a solution and a suspension
-Tyndall effect - -The scattering of visible light by colloidal particles
-Osmosis - -The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (lower to higher)
-Hypertonic Solution - -The solution with the higher solute concentration
-Hypotonic Solution - -The solution with the lower solute concentration
-Isotonic Solution - -Solution of equal solute concentration
-Equilibrium - -The state where the solution becomes an isotonic solution
-Diffusion - -The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the
molecules to an area with a lower concentration (higher to lower)
-Passive transport - -A way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane
without input of energy by the cell
-Plasma membrane (cell membrane) - -The outside barrier of the cell (semipermeable)
-Phospholipids - -A double layer of special lipids in the plasma membrane
-Cytosol - -Jelly-like substance inside the cell
