PCB3703 EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEES 100% PASS
What does ANS innervate? - (ANSWER)visceral organs (smooth muscle), glands, blood vessels
Where are sympathetic ganglia? - (ANSWER)Near spinal cord;
para/prevertebral
Where are parasympathetic ganglia? - (ANSWER)On, near, in affector organs
Which ANS is active when we are active? What is its origin? - (ANSWER)Sympathetic;
Thoracolumbar (T1 - L2/3)
Which ANS is active when we relax? What is its origin? - (ANSWER)parasympathetic;
Craniosacral (brain stem; S2-4)
What effects does sympathetic lead to? - (ANSWER)increased HR; Constriction of BV (except skeletal
muscle BV); increased BP; Dilation of pupils; Closure of sphincters; hair stands; sweating
What effects does parasympathetic lead to? - (ANSWER)decreased HR; pupil constriction; increased GI
motility; increased glandular activity; sphincters open; contraction of bladder wall
Explain adrenal medulla - (ANSWER)specialized ganglion of SNS;
pregang. synapse on chromaffin cells in A.M.;
secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) in circulation
Pheochromocytoma - (ANSWER)tumor of adrenal medulla;
secretes excessive catecholamines;
increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine
, PCB3703 EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEES 100% PASS
Which cranial nerves make up the parasympathetic origin? - (ANSWER)III, VII, IX, X
What neurotransmitter stimulate post-ganglionic fibers of SNS; ParaSNS? - (ANSWER)Ach
Which cranial nerve has 3 nuclei? - (ANSWER)Vagus
What are adrenergic receptors? (system & receptor types) - (ANSWER)receptors of sympathetic system;
alpha, beta, & dopamine receptors (2 of each)
What are the two cholinergic receptors & what is their difference? - (ANSWER)nicotinic - first Ach
receptor in one transmission line
muscarinic - "found mostly in heart"; final Ach receptor on effector organ (except adrenal medulla)
Adrenergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - (ANSWER)norepinephrine
Cholinergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - (ANSWER)Ach
What are peptidergic neurons? - (ANSWER)in ParasympatheticNS;
release peptides such as vasoactive inhibitory peptide & substance P
Where are alpha-1 receptors located? - (ANSWER)vasc. sm. muscle of skin & GI; sphincters; radial
muscle of eyes
alpha-1 fx? - (ANSWER)excitation (contraction / constriction)
alpha - 1 mechanism? - (ANSWER)GProtein alpha-s....phospholipase C.... formation of IP3 & increase in
Ca2+
, PCB3703 EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEES 100% PASS
What is alpha - 1's sensitivity to epinephrine & norepinephrine? - (ANSWER)equal sensitive; only NE
from neurons in present in high enough concentration to activate
alpha - 2 location? - (ANSWER)pre-synaptic nerve terminals; platelets; fat cells; WALLS of GI
alpha - 2 fx? - (ANSWER)inhibition (dilation / relaxation)
alpha - 2 mechanism? - (ANSWER)Gprotein inhibitory.... inhibits adenylate cyclase.... decrease in cAMP
beta - 1 location? - (ANSWER)heart (SA/AV/ventricular muscle)
beta - 1 fx? - (ANSWER)excitation (increase HR, conduction V, contractility)
beta - 1 mechanism? - (ANSWER)activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activate adenylate cyclase.... increase
in cAMP
beta - 1 sensitivity to catecholamines? - (ANSWER)sensitive to both;
more sensitive than alpha 1
beta - 2 location? - (ANSWER)vasc sm muscle of skeletal muscle; bronchial sm muscle; walls of GI tract /
bladder
beta - 2 fx? - (ANSWER)relaxation (dilation of muscles / walls)
beta - 2 mechanism? - (ANSWER)activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activates adenylate cyclase; increase
cAMP
GRADED A+ GUARANTEES 100% PASS
What does ANS innervate? - (ANSWER)visceral organs (smooth muscle), glands, blood vessels
Where are sympathetic ganglia? - (ANSWER)Near spinal cord;
para/prevertebral
Where are parasympathetic ganglia? - (ANSWER)On, near, in affector organs
Which ANS is active when we are active? What is its origin? - (ANSWER)Sympathetic;
Thoracolumbar (T1 - L2/3)
Which ANS is active when we relax? What is its origin? - (ANSWER)parasympathetic;
Craniosacral (brain stem; S2-4)
What effects does sympathetic lead to? - (ANSWER)increased HR; Constriction of BV (except skeletal
muscle BV); increased BP; Dilation of pupils; Closure of sphincters; hair stands; sweating
What effects does parasympathetic lead to? - (ANSWER)decreased HR; pupil constriction; increased GI
motility; increased glandular activity; sphincters open; contraction of bladder wall
Explain adrenal medulla - (ANSWER)specialized ganglion of SNS;
pregang. synapse on chromaffin cells in A.M.;
secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) in circulation
Pheochromocytoma - (ANSWER)tumor of adrenal medulla;
secretes excessive catecholamines;
increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine
, PCB3703 EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEES 100% PASS
Which cranial nerves make up the parasympathetic origin? - (ANSWER)III, VII, IX, X
What neurotransmitter stimulate post-ganglionic fibers of SNS; ParaSNS? - (ANSWER)Ach
Which cranial nerve has 3 nuclei? - (ANSWER)Vagus
What are adrenergic receptors? (system & receptor types) - (ANSWER)receptors of sympathetic system;
alpha, beta, & dopamine receptors (2 of each)
What are the two cholinergic receptors & what is their difference? - (ANSWER)nicotinic - first Ach
receptor in one transmission line
muscarinic - "found mostly in heart"; final Ach receptor on effector organ (except adrenal medulla)
Adrenergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - (ANSWER)norepinephrine
Cholinergic receptors Neurotransmitter? - (ANSWER)Ach
What are peptidergic neurons? - (ANSWER)in ParasympatheticNS;
release peptides such as vasoactive inhibitory peptide & substance P
Where are alpha-1 receptors located? - (ANSWER)vasc. sm. muscle of skin & GI; sphincters; radial
muscle of eyes
alpha-1 fx? - (ANSWER)excitation (contraction / constriction)
alpha - 1 mechanism? - (ANSWER)GProtein alpha-s....phospholipase C.... formation of IP3 & increase in
Ca2+
, PCB3703 EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
GRADED A+ GUARANTEES 100% PASS
What is alpha - 1's sensitivity to epinephrine & norepinephrine? - (ANSWER)equal sensitive; only NE
from neurons in present in high enough concentration to activate
alpha - 2 location? - (ANSWER)pre-synaptic nerve terminals; platelets; fat cells; WALLS of GI
alpha - 2 fx? - (ANSWER)inhibition (dilation / relaxation)
alpha - 2 mechanism? - (ANSWER)Gprotein inhibitory.... inhibits adenylate cyclase.... decrease in cAMP
beta - 1 location? - (ANSWER)heart (SA/AV/ventricular muscle)
beta - 1 fx? - (ANSWER)excitation (increase HR, conduction V, contractility)
beta - 1 mechanism? - (ANSWER)activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activate adenylate cyclase.... increase
in cAMP
beta - 1 sensitivity to catecholamines? - (ANSWER)sensitive to both;
more sensitive than alpha 1
beta - 2 location? - (ANSWER)vasc sm muscle of skeletal muscle; bronchial sm muscle; walls of GI tract /
bladder
beta - 2 fx? - (ANSWER)relaxation (dilation of muscles / walls)
beta - 2 mechanism? - (ANSWER)activation of Gprotein alpha - s.... activates adenylate cyclase; increase
cAMP
