NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update | 2025/2026

NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update | 2025/2026 Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system? - answerNeutrophils; they appear first in any immune response Hives (urticaria) are an example of a: a. Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction b. Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction c. Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction d. Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction - answer-A. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction; hives (urticarial) are an example of a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by the antibody, IgE and mast cells Anaphylaxis is a ________ hypersensitivity reaction a. Type 1 b. Type 2 c. Type 3 d. Type 4 - answer-A. Type 1; they are mediated by IgE and mast cells. An individual who is highly sensitized to the antigen may experience anaphylaxis Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of ________ hypersensitivity reaction. a. Type 1b. Type 2 c. Type 3 d. Type 4 - answer-D. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T-cells. When the individual comes in contact with the allergen (ex. poison ivy), an antigen complex is formed. On subsequent exposure to the antigen, sensitized T-cells activate the inflammatory process that causes the allergic contact dermatitis to appear Type 2 (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: a. IgA or IgE b. IgM or IgA c. IgG or IgM d. IgE or IgG - answer-C. Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM Type 1: Allergic Reaction - answer-On initial encounter with an allergen, the individual will first produce IgE antibodies. After the allergen is cleared, the remaining IgE molecules will be bound by mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils that contain receptors for the IgE molecules. This process is referred to as sensitization. On subsequent exposure to the allergen, the IgE molecules located on the sensitized cells induces their immediate degranulation. This causes the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins that results in vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus production. Type I hypersensitivity reactions can be local or systemic. Systemic reactions can result in anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Allergic asthma is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. On exposure to certain allergens (typically inhaled), individuals with allergic asthma experience inflammation of the airways, characterized by tissue swelling and excessive mucus production. This narrowing of the airways makes it difficult to breathe.