o
TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logi
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 1
TEST BANK
,o
TABLE OF CONTENTS o o o
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
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1. Basic Concepts.
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Arguments,oPremises,oandoConclusions.oExercise.oRecognizingoArguments.oExercise.oDeductionoandoInduction.oExercise.oValidity,oTruth,oSoundne
Strength,oCogency.oExercise.oArgumentoForms:oProvingoInvalidity.oExercise.oExtendedoArguments.oExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
o o o o
VarietiesoofoMeaning.oExercise.oTheoIntensionoandoExtensionoofoTerms.oExercise.oDefinitionsoandoTheiroPurposes.oExercise.oDefinitionaloTechniqu
Exercise.oCriteriaoforoLexicaloDefinitions.oExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
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FallaciesoinoGeneral.oExercise.oFallaciesoofoRelevance.oExercise.oFallaciesoofoWeakoInduction.oExercise.oFallaciesoofoPresumption,oAmbiguity,oa
IllicitoTransference.oExercise.oFallaciesoinoOrdinaryoLanguage.oExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
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4. Categorical Propositions.
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TheoComponentsoofoCategoricaloPropositions.oExercise.oQuality,oQuantity,oandoDistribution.oExercise.oVennoDiagramsoandotheoModernoSquare
oOpposition.oExercise.oConversion,oObversion,oandoContraposition.oExercise.oTheoTraditionaloSquareoofoOpposition.oExercise.oVennoDiagramso
dotheoTraditionaloStandpoint.oExercise.oTranslatingoOrdinaryoLanguageoStatementsointooCategoricaloForm.oExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
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StandardoForm,oMood,oandoFigure.oExercise.oVennoDiagrams.oExercise.oRulesoandoFallacies.oExercise.oReducingotheoNumberoofoTerms.oExercise
rdinaryoLanguageoArguments.oExercise.oEnthymemes.oExercise.oSorites.oExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
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SymbolsoandoTranslation.oExercise.oTruthoFunctions.oExercise.oTruthoTablesoforoPropositions.oExercise.oTruthoTablesoforoArguments.oExercise.oIndir
oTruthoTables.oExercise.oArgumentoFormsoandoFallacies.oExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
o o o o o
RulesoofoImplicationoI.oExercise.oRulesoofoImplicationoII.oExercise.oRulesoofoReplacementoI.oExercise.oRulesoofoReplacementoII.oExercise.oConditiona
roof.oExercise.oIndirectoProof.oExercise.oProvingoLogicaloTruths.oExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
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SymbolsoandoTranslation.oExercise.oUsingotheoRulesoofoInference.oExercise.oQuantifieroNegationoRule.oExercise.oConditionaloandoIndirectoProof.
ercise.oProvingoInvalidity.oExercise.oRelationaloPredicatesoandoOverlappingoQuantifiers.oExercise.oIdentity.oExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
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9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
o o o o o o
AnalogicaloReasoning.oLegaloReasoning.oMoraloReasoning.oExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
o o o o
,"Cause"oandoNecessaryoandoSufficientoConditions.oMill'soFiveoMethods.oMill'soMethodsoandoScience.oExercise.
11. Probability.
o
TheoriesoofoProbability.oTheoProbabilityoCalculus.oExercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
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EvaluatingoStatistics.oSamples.oTheoMeaningoofo"Average."oDispersion.oGraphsoandoPictograms.oPercentages.oExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
o o
TheoHypotheticaloMethod.oHypotheticaloReasoning:oFouroExamplesofromoScience.oTheoProofoofoHypotheses.oTheoTentativeoAcceptanceoofoHyp
eses.oExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
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DistinguishingoBetweenoScienceoandoSuperstition.oEvidentiaryoSupport.oObjectivity.oIntegrity.oAbusingoScience.oExercise.
AnswersotooSelectedoExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
o o o
MULTIPLEoCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:oTheofollowingoselectionsorelateotoodistinguishingoargumentsofromononarguments
andoidentifyingoconclusions.oSelectotheobestoansweroforoeach.
1.o Thereoappearsotoobeoaogrowingohappinessogapobetweenomenoandowomen.oWomenotodayoareoworking
moreoandorelaxingoless,owhileomenoareoworkingolessoandorelaxingomore.oFortyoyearsoagooaotypical
womanospento40ominutesomoreoperoweekothanotheotypicalomanoperformingoanoactivityoconsidered
unpleasant.oToday,owithomenoworkingoless,otheogapoiso90ominutesoandogrowing.
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oTodayo...otheogapoiso90ominutesoandogrowing.
b.o Nonargument.
c.o Argument;oconclusion:oFortyoyearsoagoo...oanoactivityoconsideredounpleasant.
d.o Argument;oconclusion:oThereoappearsotoobeo...obetweenomenoandowomen.
e.o Argument;oconclusion:oWomenotodayoareoworkingomoreoandorelaxingoless.
ANS:o D PTS:o 2
2.o Leadoisotoxic,obutodooyouoknowowhy?oLeadoisotoxicomainlyobecauseoitopreferentiallyoreplacesoother
metalsoinobiochemicaloreactions.oInosoodoingoitointerferesowithotheoproteinsothatoregulateobloodopressure
(whichocanocauseodevelopmentodelaysoinochildrenoandohighobloodopressureoinoadults),ohemeoproduction
(whichocanoleadotooanemia),oandospermoproduction.oLeadoalsoodisplacesocalciumoinotheoreactionsothat
transmitoelectricaloimpulsesoinotheobrain,owhichodiminishesotheoabilityotoothinkoandorecalloinformation.
AnneoMarieoHelmstine,o"YouroGuideotooChemistry"
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oItointerferesowithotheoproteinso...oandospermoproduction.
b.o Argument;oconclusion:oLeadoisotoxic.
c.o Nonargument.
d.o Argument;oconclusion:oItopreferentiallyoreplacesootherometalsoinobiochemicaloreactions.
e.o Argument;oconclusion:oLeadoalsoodisplacesocalciumo...orecalloinformation.
ANS:o C PTS:o 2
3.o Aristotleofocusedoonoclarifyingotheoconceptoofovirtueoitself.oHeoarguedothatoitowasovirtuousotoochooseothe
properoamountoofoemotionoand/oroactionocalledoforoinoaoparticularosituationoandothatoextremesoof
emotionoandoactionowereovices.oInoallocommunitiesothereoareosomeomenoofopracticalowisdomowhoohave
theocapacityotoojudgeowisely.oAristotleoarguedothatotheyohaveotheocapacityotoofollowotheo"rightorule"
whateverotheosituation.
DavidoCooper,oValueoPluralismoandoEthicaloChoice
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oInoallocommunitieso...ocapacityotoojudgeowisely.
b.o Argument;oconclusion:oAristotleofocusedoonoclarifyingotheoconceptoofovirtueoitself.
c.o Argument;oconclusion:oTheyohaveotheocapacityotoofollowo...otheosituation.
d.o Argument;oconclusion:oHeoarguedothatoitowasovirtuouso...owereovices
e.o Nonargument.
ANS:o E PTS:o 2
4.o Illegaloimmigrantsopayolocalosalesotaxes,oandomanyoofothemoalsoopayostate,olocal,oandofederaloincomeotax
andoSocialoSecurityotax.oTheyoalsoopurchaseoitemsofromolocalomerchants,oincreasingotheoamountothese
merchantsopayoinotaxes.oInoaddition,otheyoworkoforolowosalaries,owhichoincreasesotheoearningsoofotheir
employersoandotheoamountoofotaxesotheseoemployersopay.oThus,oitoisonotocorrectotoosayothatoillegal
immigrantsocontributeonothingotootheocommunitiesoinowhichotheyolive.
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oItoisonotocorrectotoosayo...ocommunitiesoinowhichotheyolive.
1
TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logi
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 1
TEST BANK
,o
TABLE OF CONTENTS o o o
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
o o o
1. Basic Concepts.
o o
Arguments,oPremises,oandoConclusions.oExercise.oRecognizingoArguments.oExercise.oDeductionoandoInduction.oExercise.oValidity,oTruth,oSoundne
Strength,oCogency.oExercise.oArgumentoForms:oProvingoInvalidity.oExercise.oExtendedoArguments.oExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
o o o o
VarietiesoofoMeaning.oExercise.oTheoIntensionoandoExtensionoofoTerms.oExercise.oDefinitionsoandoTheiroPurposes.oExercise.oDefinitionaloTechniqu
Exercise.oCriteriaoforoLexicaloDefinitions.oExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
o o
FallaciesoinoGeneral.oExercise.oFallaciesoofoRelevance.oExercise.oFallaciesoofoWeakoInduction.oExercise.oFallaciesoofoPresumption,oAmbiguity,oa
IllicitoTransference.oExercise.oFallaciesoinoOrdinaryoLanguage.oExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
o o o
4. Categorical Propositions.
o o
TheoComponentsoofoCategoricaloPropositions.oExercise.oQuality,oQuantity,oandoDistribution.oExercise.oVennoDiagramsoandotheoModernoSquare
oOpposition.oExercise.oConversion,oObversion,oandoContraposition.oExercise.oTheoTraditionaloSquareoofoOpposition.oExercise.oVennoDiagramso
dotheoTraditionaloStandpoint.oExercise.oTranslatingoOrdinaryoLanguageoStatementsointooCategoricaloForm.oExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
o o
StandardoForm,oMood,oandoFigure.oExercise.oVennoDiagrams.oExercise.oRulesoandoFallacies.oExercise.oReducingotheoNumberoofoTerms.oExercise
rdinaryoLanguageoArguments.oExercise.oEnthymemes.oExercise.oSorites.oExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
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SymbolsoandoTranslation.oExercise.oTruthoFunctions.oExercise.oTruthoTablesoforoPropositions.oExercise.oTruthoTablesoforoArguments.oExercise.oIndir
oTruthoTables.oExercise.oArgumentoFormsoandoFallacies.oExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
o o o o o
RulesoofoImplicationoI.oExercise.oRulesoofoImplicationoII.oExercise.oRulesoofoReplacementoI.oExercise.oRulesoofoReplacementoII.oExercise.oConditiona
roof.oExercise.oIndirectoProof.oExercise.oProvingoLogicaloTruths.oExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
o o
SymbolsoandoTranslation.oExercise.oUsingotheoRulesoofoInference.oExercise.oQuantifieroNegationoRule.oExercise.oConditionaloandoIndirectoProof.
ercise.oProvingoInvalidity.oExercise.oRelationaloPredicatesoandoOverlappingoQuantifiers.oExercise.oIdentity.oExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
o o o
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
o o o o o o
AnalogicaloReasoning.oLegaloReasoning.oMoraloReasoning.oExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
o o o o
,"Cause"oandoNecessaryoandoSufficientoConditions.oMill'soFiveoMethods.oMill'soMethodsoandoScience.oExercise.
11. Probability.
o
TheoriesoofoProbability.oTheoProbabilityoCalculus.oExercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
o o
EvaluatingoStatistics.oSamples.oTheoMeaningoofo"Average."oDispersion.oGraphsoandoPictograms.oPercentages.oExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
o o
TheoHypotheticaloMethod.oHypotheticaloReasoning:oFouroExamplesofromoScience.oTheoProofoofoHypotheses.oTheoTentativeoAcceptanceoofoHyp
eses.oExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
o o o
DistinguishingoBetweenoScienceoandoSuperstition.oEvidentiaryoSupport.oObjectivity.oIntegrity.oAbusingoScience.oExercise.
AnswersotooSelectedoExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
o o o
MULTIPLEoCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:oTheofollowingoselectionsorelateotoodistinguishingoargumentsofromononarguments
andoidentifyingoconclusions.oSelectotheobestoansweroforoeach.
1.o Thereoappearsotoobeoaogrowingohappinessogapobetweenomenoandowomen.oWomenotodayoareoworking
moreoandorelaxingoless,owhileomenoareoworkingolessoandorelaxingomore.oFortyoyearsoagooaotypical
womanospento40ominutesomoreoperoweekothanotheotypicalomanoperformingoanoactivityoconsidered
unpleasant.oToday,owithomenoworkingoless,otheogapoiso90ominutesoandogrowing.
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oTodayo...otheogapoiso90ominutesoandogrowing.
b.o Nonargument.
c.o Argument;oconclusion:oFortyoyearsoagoo...oanoactivityoconsideredounpleasant.
d.o Argument;oconclusion:oThereoappearsotoobeo...obetweenomenoandowomen.
e.o Argument;oconclusion:oWomenotodayoareoworkingomoreoandorelaxingoless.
ANS:o D PTS:o 2
2.o Leadoisotoxic,obutodooyouoknowowhy?oLeadoisotoxicomainlyobecauseoitopreferentiallyoreplacesoother
metalsoinobiochemicaloreactions.oInosoodoingoitointerferesowithotheoproteinsothatoregulateobloodopressure
(whichocanocauseodevelopmentodelaysoinochildrenoandohighobloodopressureoinoadults),ohemeoproduction
(whichocanoleadotooanemia),oandospermoproduction.oLeadoalsoodisplacesocalciumoinotheoreactionsothat
transmitoelectricaloimpulsesoinotheobrain,owhichodiminishesotheoabilityotoothinkoandorecalloinformation.
AnneoMarieoHelmstine,o"YouroGuideotooChemistry"
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oItointerferesowithotheoproteinso...oandospermoproduction.
b.o Argument;oconclusion:oLeadoisotoxic.
c.o Nonargument.
d.o Argument;oconclusion:oItopreferentiallyoreplacesootherometalsoinobiochemicaloreactions.
e.o Argument;oconclusion:oLeadoalsoodisplacesocalciumo...orecalloinformation.
ANS:o C PTS:o 2
3.o Aristotleofocusedoonoclarifyingotheoconceptoofovirtueoitself.oHeoarguedothatoitowasovirtuousotoochooseothe
properoamountoofoemotionoand/oroactionocalledoforoinoaoparticularosituationoandothatoextremesoof
emotionoandoactionowereovices.oInoallocommunitiesothereoareosomeomenoofopracticalowisdomowhoohave
theocapacityotoojudgeowisely.oAristotleoarguedothatotheyohaveotheocapacityotoofollowotheo"rightorule"
whateverotheosituation.
DavidoCooper,oValueoPluralismoandoEthicaloChoice
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oInoallocommunitieso...ocapacityotoojudgeowisely.
b.o Argument;oconclusion:oAristotleofocusedoonoclarifyingotheoconceptoofovirtueoitself.
c.o Argument;oconclusion:oTheyohaveotheocapacityotoofollowo...otheosituation.
d.o Argument;oconclusion:oHeoarguedothatoitowasovirtuouso...owereovices
e.o Nonargument.
ANS:o E PTS:o 2
4.o Illegaloimmigrantsopayolocalosalesotaxes,oandomanyoofothemoalsoopayostate,olocal,oandofederaloincomeotax
andoSocialoSecurityotax.oTheyoalsoopurchaseoitemsofromolocalomerchants,oincreasingotheoamountothese
merchantsopayoinotaxes.oInoaddition,otheyoworkoforolowosalaries,owhichoincreasesotheoearningsoofotheir
employersoandotheoamountoofotaxesotheseoemployersopay.oThus,oitoisonotocorrectotoosayothatoillegal
immigrantsocontributeonothingotootheocommunitiesoinowhichotheyolive.
a.o Argument;oconclusion:oItoisonotocorrectotoosayo...ocommunitiesoinowhichotheyolive.
1
