Checklist - Topic 16
• Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron • Interpret electrochemical series as reduction
transfer and oxidation number potentials
• Define standard electrode potential, E° • Predict disproportionation using E° values
• Recall standard conditions for E° (298 K, 100 kPa, 1 • Perform structured/unstructured redox titration
mol dm⁻³) calculations (Fe²⁺/MnO₄⁻, I₂/Na₂S₂O₃)
• Describe the standard hydrogen electrode and its • Discuss uncertainties and result validity
purpose
• Core Practicals 13a/13b:
• Know how E° values are measured for: - Fe²⁺/MnO₄⁻ titration
- Metals/non-metals in contact with aqueous ions - I₂/Na₂S₂O₃ titration
- Ions of the same element with different oxidation
states • Explain how fuel cells generate voltage using O₂
and fuel
• Core Practical 12: Investigate electrochemical cells
• Recall electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen
• Calculate E°cell using two half-cell potentials fuel cells (acidic and alkaline)
• Draw conventional cell diagrams
• Explain the importance of standard conditions
• Use E° values to predict reaction feasibility
• Link E°cell to total entropy change and lnK
• Discuss limitations of E° predictions (kinetics and
conditions)
, Checklist - Topic 17
• Define transition metals as d-block elements with • Explain redox conversions of vanadium (E° values)
incomplete d-orbitals
• Describe Cr₂O₇²⁻ → Cr³⁺/Cr²⁺ and Cr³⁺ → Cr₂O₇²⁻
• Deduce electron configurations of Period 4 d-block atoms/
ions conversions
• Explain variable oxidation states in transition metals • Understand Cr₂O₇²⁻ ⇌ CrO₄²⁻ equilibrium
• Define and identify ligands • Write observations and equations for M²⁺/M³⁺ reactions
with OH⁻ and NH₃
• Understand coordinate bonding in complex ions
• Write ionic equations for amphoteric behaviour,
• Define complex ions and explain their structures deprotonation, ligand exchange
• Understand cause of colour in aqueous/complex • Describe ligand exchange reactions with Cu²⁺ and
transition ions Co²⁺
• Explain d-orbital splitting and colour changes • Explain entropy increase in ligand substitution by
bidentate/hexadentate
• Define coordination number
• Know transition metals as homogeneous/
• Explain colour changes due to changes in: heterogeneous catalysts
- Oxidation state
- Ligand • Describe V₂O₅ catalysis in contact process (oxidation
- Coordination number states)
• Recognise H₂O, OH⁻, NH₃ as monodentate ligands • Explain catalytic converters (adsorption/desorption)
• Recognise octahedral and tetrahedral complexes • Describe homogeneous catalysis via intermediates
• Know cis-platin is a square planar anti-cancer drug. • Describe Fe²⁺ catalysis in I⁻ + S₂O₈²⁻ reaction
• Identify bidentate and hexadentate ligands (e.g., EDTA⁴⁻) • Describe Mn²⁺ autocatalysis in MnO₄⁻ + C₂O₄²⁻ reaction
• Describe ligand exchange in haemoglobin (O₂ vs CO) • Core Practical 14: Prepare a transition metal complex
• Know colours of V oxidation states (+5 to +2)
, Checklist - Topic 18
• Use thermochemical, X-ray, IR data to evidence benzene structure
• Understand delocalised π-system in benzene
• Explain bromination resistance in benzene vs alkenes
• Know benzene reactions with:
- O₂ (combustion)
- Br₂ + catalyst
- Conc. HNO₃ + H₂SO₄
- Fuming H₂SO₄
• Halogenoalkanes/acyl chlorides + AlCl₃ (Friedel-Crafts)
• Understand electrophilic substitution mechanisms (halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Crafts )
• Compare bromination of phenol vs benzene
• Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron • Interpret electrochemical series as reduction
transfer and oxidation number potentials
• Define standard electrode potential, E° • Predict disproportionation using E° values
• Recall standard conditions for E° (298 K, 100 kPa, 1 • Perform structured/unstructured redox titration
mol dm⁻³) calculations (Fe²⁺/MnO₄⁻, I₂/Na₂S₂O₃)
• Describe the standard hydrogen electrode and its • Discuss uncertainties and result validity
purpose
• Core Practicals 13a/13b:
• Know how E° values are measured for: - Fe²⁺/MnO₄⁻ titration
- Metals/non-metals in contact with aqueous ions - I₂/Na₂S₂O₃ titration
- Ions of the same element with different oxidation
states • Explain how fuel cells generate voltage using O₂
and fuel
• Core Practical 12: Investigate electrochemical cells
• Recall electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen
• Calculate E°cell using two half-cell potentials fuel cells (acidic and alkaline)
• Draw conventional cell diagrams
• Explain the importance of standard conditions
• Use E° values to predict reaction feasibility
• Link E°cell to total entropy change and lnK
• Discuss limitations of E° predictions (kinetics and
conditions)
, Checklist - Topic 17
• Define transition metals as d-block elements with • Explain redox conversions of vanadium (E° values)
incomplete d-orbitals
• Describe Cr₂O₇²⁻ → Cr³⁺/Cr²⁺ and Cr³⁺ → Cr₂O₇²⁻
• Deduce electron configurations of Period 4 d-block atoms/
ions conversions
• Explain variable oxidation states in transition metals • Understand Cr₂O₇²⁻ ⇌ CrO₄²⁻ equilibrium
• Define and identify ligands • Write observations and equations for M²⁺/M³⁺ reactions
with OH⁻ and NH₃
• Understand coordinate bonding in complex ions
• Write ionic equations for amphoteric behaviour,
• Define complex ions and explain their structures deprotonation, ligand exchange
• Understand cause of colour in aqueous/complex • Describe ligand exchange reactions with Cu²⁺ and
transition ions Co²⁺
• Explain d-orbital splitting and colour changes • Explain entropy increase in ligand substitution by
bidentate/hexadentate
• Define coordination number
• Know transition metals as homogeneous/
• Explain colour changes due to changes in: heterogeneous catalysts
- Oxidation state
- Ligand • Describe V₂O₅ catalysis in contact process (oxidation
- Coordination number states)
• Recognise H₂O, OH⁻, NH₃ as monodentate ligands • Explain catalytic converters (adsorption/desorption)
• Recognise octahedral and tetrahedral complexes • Describe homogeneous catalysis via intermediates
• Know cis-platin is a square planar anti-cancer drug. • Describe Fe²⁺ catalysis in I⁻ + S₂O₈²⁻ reaction
• Identify bidentate and hexadentate ligands (e.g., EDTA⁴⁻) • Describe Mn²⁺ autocatalysis in MnO₄⁻ + C₂O₄²⁻ reaction
• Describe ligand exchange in haemoglobin (O₂ vs CO) • Core Practical 14: Prepare a transition metal complex
• Know colours of V oxidation states (+5 to +2)
, Checklist - Topic 18
• Use thermochemical, X-ray, IR data to evidence benzene structure
• Understand delocalised π-system in benzene
• Explain bromination resistance in benzene vs alkenes
• Know benzene reactions with:
- O₂ (combustion)
- Br₂ + catalyst
- Conc. HNO₃ + H₂SO₄
- Fuming H₂SO₄
• Halogenoalkanes/acyl chlorides + AlCl₃ (Friedel-Crafts)
• Understand electrophilic substitution mechanisms (halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Crafts )
• Compare bromination of phenol vs benzene
