A History of World Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks | Complete Chapters | Essay, MCQ, Matching & Short Answer Questions with Answer Keys

TEST BANK for A History of World
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Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E.
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Wiesner-Hanks
COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1-
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33| A+ GRADED ALL ANSWERS AT THE BACK OF EA
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CH CHAPTER
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Paget|t1

, Chaptert01_Essay

Answerteachtoftthetfollowingtquestionstwithtantessay.tBetsurettotincludetspecifictexamplestthattsupporttyourtth
esistandtconclusions.

1. Whattaretsometoftthetproblemstintusingtevidencetfromtcontemporarytgatherertsocietiesttotstudytearlythum
ans?




2. HowtdidtearlytHomoterectustspreadtouttoftEasttAfricatintotothertpartstoftthetworld?tWheretdidttheytgo,tan
dthowtearlytdidttheytreachtthosetplaces?




3. WhattweretthetkeytfeaturestoftPaleolithictfoodtattainmenttandtPaleolithictdiets?



4. WhattaretsometoftthettheoriestabouttgendertrelationshipstintPaleolithictsocieties?tWhattchangedtintthos
etrelationshipstintthetNeolithictperiod?tWhattkindstoftevidencetaretusedtintsupportingtortarguingtagainsttt
hesettheories?




5. Whattistthetrelationshiptbetweentpastoralism,tdisease,tandthumans?




6. Howtdidtmaterialtgoodstcreate,tdefine,tandtperpetuatetsocialthierarchiestintNeolithictsocieties?



AnswertKey

1. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:

• Becausetthetearliestthumanstdidtnottleavetbehindtwrittentevidence,tscientiststhavetstudiedtmoretrecen
ttsocietiestthattlivedtbytsimilartgatheringtmeans.tHowever,tmosttevidencetabouttrecenttgatherertsocietiestwast
writtentbytexternaltsourcestandtthustincludesttheirtbiasestandtexpectations,tsuchtastthetinferioritytoftforagingta
statlifestyle.tFurthermore,tfewtmoderntforagerstortgathererstarettrulytisolatedtfromtthetinfluencetoftothertagricu
lturaltortindustrialtcultures.tAlso,tthistapproachtassumestthattgatherer


Paget|t2

,societiestaretsomehowtstatictandtremaintunchangedtovertmanytcenturies,twhichtignorestthetevidencetofthowta
daptabletsuchtsocietiestreallytare.



2. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:

• HomoterectustmigratedtouttoftEasttAfricatintotcentraltAfrica,tandtthentintotnortherntAfrica.tThistmigr
ationttooktplacet2tmilliontyearstago.tAstearlytast1.8tmilliontyearstago,tHomoterectusthadtspreadttotAsia,treach
ingtChinatandtJavatbyt1.5tmilliontyearstago.tThesetmigrationsttooktplacetovertland,talongtcoastlinetroutes.tBe
causetseatlevelstweretlowertthen,tindividualstcouldtcrosstfromtthetmainlandtoftChinattotJavatontfoot.tHomoter
ectustalsotmovedtnorthwardtfromtAfrica,tintotSpaintbyt800,000tyearstagotandtintotGermanyt500,000tyearstag
o.tInteachtoftthesetplaces,ttheytadaptedthuntingtandtgatheringttechniquesttotthetlocaltenvironment.



3. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:

• ThetPaleolithictdiettconsistedtoftatcombinationtoftplantstandtanimaltprotein.tPaleolithictpeoplestfora
gedtforttheirtfood,tengagingtintwhattwetwouldtconsidertatcombinationtofthunting,tscavenging,tandtgathering
.tMosttoftwhatttheytatetweretplants.tAnimaltproteintoftentcametfromtscavengedtfoodstliketinsectstandtshellfi
shtrathertthantbeingthuntedtdirectly.tIttistunknowntasttotwhethertlabortwastdividedtbetweentgenders,tbuttintto
day'stforagingtsocieties,ttheretistsometdivision,twithtmentengagingtinthuntingtlargetanimalstandtwomentresp
onsibletfortgatheringtplantstandtsmalltanimals.tItttooktbetweenttentandttwentythourstpertweekttotgathertfood,
tbuttthistnumbertvariedtdependingtontenvironmentaltfactorstandtgrouptdecisions.tBecausetPaleolithictpeopl

esthadttotforagetforttheirtdiet,ttheytexpendedtenergytand,tintgeneral,tavoidedtdiseasestcommontintsedentaryts
ocieties.tLifetspanstweretkepttintchecktbytaccidents,tinjuries,tandtinfections.



4. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:

• Studiestoftmoretrecenttforagingtsocietiestsuggesttthattwomentweretvaluedtforttheirtlabor,twhichtwast
recognizedtastequalttotthetworktoftmen.tBothtmentandtwomentforagedtfortfood,tandtbothtparticipatedtinthunti
ng.tOthertscholarsttheorizetthatteventintPaleolithictsocietytonetpersontmaythavetemergedtastatleader,tperhapst
basedtontpersonaltskill,tandtthattthistpersontwastalmosttalwaystatman.tIttistmoretcertaintthattbytthetNeolithictp
eriod,taftertthetinventiontoftplowtagriculture,tsocietytbecametmorethierarchicaltandtmenttooktontmoretoftatpu
blic,telitetstatus.tWomentweretlimitedttotthethometortenclosedtspaces,tandtlandtinheritancetfavoredtmentovert
women.tEvidencetfortgendertrolestintthetNeolithictperiodtcomestfromtlatertwrittenttraditions.




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, 5. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:

• Pastoralismtistthetherdingtandtraisingtoftlivestock.tIttrequiresthumansttotlivetintclosetcontacttwithttheirt
herdtanimals,tthustexposingthumansttotvarioustanimal-
bornetdiseases,tsuchtastsmallpox.tInitially,texposurettotdiseasestmaythavetcausedthighertmortalitytratestintpast
oralisttsocieties,tbuttoverttime,t humanstwouldthavetdevelopedtsometresistancettotthem.tForagerstweretnottexp
osedttotthesetdiseasestandtthustdidtnottdeveloptanytresistancettotthem.tWhentatpastoralisttsocietytencounteredt
atforagertsociety,tthistmightthavetledtthetformerttotexposetthetlatterttotdeadlytpathogens.



6. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:

• Thetpossessiontoftmaterialtgoods—suchtastlivestock,tdwellingtstructures,tplows,tcarts,tandtpots—
indicatedtthattsometindividualsthadtcontroltovertmoretlabor.tLabortwastusedttotacquiretmaterialtgoods.tThet
moretmaterialtgoodstonethad,tthetmoretlabortonetcontrolled.tThistindicatedtstatus;ttotcontroltlabortwasttothav
etathighertstatustthantothers.tHavingtmaterialtgoodstgavetonetthetabilityttotacquiretyettmoretmaterialtgoodsta
ndttotcontinuettotacquiretstatus.tMaterialtgoods,talongtwithtland,tcouldtalsotconstitutetantinheritance,tandtthu
stperpetuatetstatustintotthetnexttgeneration.



Chaptert01_Matching

Usetthetfollowingttotanswertquestionst1-15:

SelecttthetwordtortphrasetfromtthetTermstsectiontthattbesttmatchestthetdefinitiontortexampletprovidedtintthetDe
finitionstsection.

Terms

a. pastoralism

b. Neanderthals

c. divisiontoftlabor

d. animism

e. socialthierarchies

f. patriarchy

g. Paleolithictera

h. AgriculturaltRevolution

g. foraging

h. shamans

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